Integration of Geophysical Methods to Obtain a Geoarchaeological Model of the Santa Lucia di Mendola Site (Southeastern Sicily—Italy)

Geophysical prospecting has increasingly become a fundamental tool in archaeological research thanks to its ability to rapidly investigate large areas and detect underground structures without impacting the ground. In this study, an integrated geophysical approach was applied to the early Christian archaeological site of Santa Lucia di Mendola, located in southeastern Sicily (Italy). The site is characterised by a complex stratigraphy developed through the exploitation of existing karst features within the limestone lithotype and includes a dating back to the 4th century A.D. hypogeum, surmounted by the remains of a Byzantine Basilica and a small sacristy carved into the rock. A comprehensive geophysical survey was performed to determine a geoarchaeological model of the area. To evaluate and compare the geophysical responses, some of the main geophysical methods used in archaeology were applied: seismic refraction method (SRT), geoelectric method (ERT), frequency domain electromagnetic method (FDEM) and magnetic survey (MAG). The anomalies identified suggest the presence of additional structures dug into the subsoil, probably connected to those currently accessible. This hypothesis is supported by presence of the remains of a wall located at the northern end of the sacristy corridor, which separates this part of the passage from another area visibly filled with rubble.