journal article·2025-10-21Open access

Gamut Boundary Distortion Arises from Quantization Errors in Color Conversion

Jingxu Li, Xifeng Zheng, Deju Huang, Fengxia Liu, Junchang Chen, Yufeng Chen, Hui Cao, Yu Chen

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 20

Abstract

This paper undertakes an in-depth exploration into the issue of quantization errors that occur during color gamut conversion within LED full-color display systems. To commence, a CIE-xyY colorimetric framework, which is customized to the unique characteristics of LED, is constructed. This framework serves as the bedrock for formulating the principles governing the operation of LED color gamuts. Subsequently, the conversions among diverse color spaces are scrutinized with great meticulousness. The core emphasis then shifts to dissecting how discrete control systems, in conjunction with quantization errors at low grayscale levels, precipitate the distortion of color gamut boundaries during the conversion process. The Laplacian operator is deployed to furnish a geometric comprehension of the distortion points, thereby delineating the topological discrepancies between the target and actual points. The quantitative analysis precisely delineates the correlation between quantization precision and the quantity of distortion points. The research endeavors to disclose the intricate relationships among quantization, color spaces, and colorimetric fidelity. This paper is conducive to the prospective calibration and rectification of LED display systems, furnishing a theoretical underpinning for the further enhancement of color reproduction in LED displays. Consequently, LED monitors can be rendered capable of satisfying the stringent accuracy requisites of advanced imaging and media.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Color Science and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China

Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Changchun Cedar Electronics Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China

References (20)

Show source-provided references
1. FPGA-based control system for real-time driving of UHD Micro-LED display with color calibration10.1016/j.vlsi.2024.102237 ↗
2. Color revolution: Toward ultra-wide color gamut displays10.1088/1361-6463/abe43d ↗
3. Display adaptive tone mapping10.1145/1360612.1360667 ↗
4. Bilateral tone mapping scheme for color correction and contrast adjustment in nearly invisible medical images10.1002/col.22887 ↗
5. International Commission on Illumination (CIE) (1978). Recommendations on Uniform Color Spaces, Color-Difference Equations, Psychometric Color Terms, Bureau Central de la CIE.
6. Ultra-High-Definition Television (Rec. ITU-R BT.2020): A Generational Leap in the Evolution of Television [Standards in a Nutshell]10.1109/MSP.2014.2302331 ↗
7. Liquid crystal display and organic light-emitting diode display: Present status and future perspectives10.1038/lsa.2017.168 ↗
8. Color conversion method for multiprimary display using matrix switching10.1007/s10043-001-0191-5 ↗
9. Geometry of Multiprimary Display Colors I: Gamut and Color Control10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3093395 ↗
10. Gamut-Extension Methods Considering Color Information Restoration10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2923400 ↗
11. Interim Report to the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, Zurich, 1955, on the National Physical Laboratory’s Investigation of Colour-matching (1955)10.1080/713821039 ↗
12. Color gamut extension algorithm for various images based on laser display10.1364/OE.507868 ↗
13. Rodriguez-Pardo, C.E., Sharma, G., Speigle, J., Feng, X.F., and Sezan, I. (2011, January 7–11). Efficient Computation of Display Gamut Volumes in Perceptual Spaces. Proceedings of the 19th Color and Imaging Conference—Color Science and Engineering Systems, Technologies, and Applications, San Jose, CA, USA.10.2352/CIC.2011.19.1.art00028 ↗
14. Wyszecki, G., and Stiles, W.S. (2000). Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, John Wiley & Sons.
15. A model for LED spectra at different drive currents10.3788/COL20100811.1090 ↗
16. Brainard, D.H. (2003). Color Appearance and Color Difference Specification. The Science of Color, Elsevier. [2nd ed.].10.1016/B978-044451251-2/50006-4 ↗
17. A comprehensive test of colour-difference formulae and uniform colour spaces using available visual datasets10.1002/col.22844 ↗
18. A discrete scheme of Laplace–Beltrami operator and its convergence over quadrilateral meshes10.1016/j.camwa.2007.04.047 ↗
19. Kaiser, P.K., and Boynton, R.M. (1996). Human Color Vision, Optical Society of America.
20. Optimization and Calculation of Acceptable Color Difference for Printed Samples