journal article·2025-10-19Open access

Efficient and Secure GANs: A Survey on Privacy-Preserving and Resource-Aware Models

Niovi Efthymia Apostolou, Elpida Vasiliki Balourdou, Maria Mouratidou, Eleni Tsalera, Ioannis Voyiatzis, Andreas Papadakis, Maria Samarakou

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 20

Abstract

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) generate synthetic content to support applications such as data augmentation, image-to-image translation, and training models where data availability is limited. Nevertheless, their broader deployment is constrained by limitations in data availability, high computational and energy demands, as well as privacy and security concerns. These factors restrict their scalability and integration in real-world applications. This survey provides a systematic review of research aimed at addressing these challenges. Techniques such as few-shot learning, consistency regularization, and advanced data augmentation are examined to address data scarcity. Approaches designed to reduce computational and energy costs, including hardware-based acceleration and model optimization, are also considered. In addition, strategies to improve privacy and security, such as privacy-preserving GAN architectures and defense mechanisms against adversarial attacks, are analyzed. By organizing the literature into these thematic categories, the review highlights available solutions, their trade-offs, and remaining open issues. Our findings underline the growing role of GANs in artificial intelligence, while also emphasizing the importance of efficient, sustainable, and secure designs. This work not only concentrates the current knowledge but also sets the basis for future research.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data · Brain Tumor Detection and Classification · Advanced Neural Network Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), 15122 Athens, Greece

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