journal article·2025-09-28Open access

Enhancing Ocean Monitoring for Coastal Communities Using AI

Erika Spiteri Spiteri Bailey, Kristian Guillaumier, Adam Gauci

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 19

Abstract

Coastal communities and marine ecosystems face increasing risks due to changing ocean conditions, yet effective wave monitoring remains limited in many low-resource regions. This study investigates the use of seismic data to predict significant wave height (SWH), offering a low-cost and scalable solution to support coastal conservation and safety. We developed a baseline machine learning (ML) model and improved it using a longest-stretch algorithm for seismic data selection and station-specific hyperparameter tuning. Models were trained and tested on consumer-grade hardware to ensure accessibility and availability. Applied to the Sicily–Malta region, the enhanced models achieved up to a 0.133 increase in R2 and a 0.026 m reduction in mean absolute error compared to existing baselines. These results demonstrate that seismic signals, typically collected for geophysical purposes, can be repurposed to support ocean monitoring using accessible artificial intelligence (AI) tools. The approach may be integrated into conservation planning efforts such as early warning systems and ecosystem monitoring frameworks. Future work may focus on improving robustness in data-sparse areas through augmentation techniques and exploring broader applications of this method in marine and coastal sustainability contexts.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Underwater Acoustics Research · Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes · Seismic Waves and Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information & Communication Technology, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta

Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta

References (20)

Show source-provided references
1. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2025, April 25). United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Available online: https://sdgs.un.org/goals.
2. Isensee, K. (2020). Global Ocean Science Report 2020—Charting Capacity for Ocean Sustainability, UNESCO Publishing.
3. Orós, J., Montesdeoca, N., Camacho, M., Arencibia, A., and Calabuig, P. (2016). Causes of stranding and mortality, and final disposition of loggerhead sea turtles (*Caretta caretta*) admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation center in Gran Canaria Island, Spain (1998–2014): A long-term retrospective study. PLoS ONE, 11.10.1371/journal.pone.0149398 ↗
4. How ocean waves rock the Earth: Two mechanisms explain microseisms with periods 3 to 300 s10.1002/2014GL062782 ↗
5. Microseisms as a tool for geophysical research. A review10.1134/S0742046323700112 ↗
6. On microseisms recorded near the Ligurian coast (Italy) and their relationship with sea wave height10.1093/gji/ggt114 ↗
7. Integration of microseism, wavemeter buoy, HF radar and hindcast data to analyze the Mediterranean cyclone Helios10.5194/os-20-1-2024 ↗
8. Sverdrup, H.U., Munk, W.H., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and United States Hydrographic Office (1947). Wind, Sea and Swell: Theory of Relations for Forecasting, United States Hydrographic Office.10.5962/bhl.title.38751 ↗
9. Cannata, A., Cannavò, F., Moschella, S., Di Grazia, G., Nardone, G., Orasi, A., Picone, M., Ferla, M., and Gresta, S. (2020). Unravelling the relationship between microseisms and spatial distribution of sea wave height by statistical and machine learning approaches. Remote Sens., 12.10.3390/rs12050761 ↗
10. Towards a monitoring system of the sea state based on microseism and machine learning10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105781 ↗
11. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) (2005). Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). [Data set].
12. E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS) (2025, March 31). Mediterranean Sea Waves Reanalysis; Marine Data Store (MDS). Available online: https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_WAV_006_012/description.
13. A review of ensemble learning and data augmentation models for class imbalanced problems: Combination, implementation and evaluation10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122778 ↗
14. Seismic data interpolation based on multi-scale transformer10.1109/LGRS.2023.3298101 ↗
15. Kaur, H., Pham, N., and Fomel, S. (2019). Seismic data interpolation using CycleGAN. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.10.1190/segam2019-3207424.1 ↗
16. Random forests10.1023/A:1010933404324 ↗
17. Baranbooei, S., Bean, C.J., Rezaeifar, M., and Donne, S.E. (2025). Determining offshore ocean significant wave height (SWH) using continuous land-recorded seismic data: An example from the northeast Atlantic. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 13.10.3390/jmse13040807 ↗
18. Separation and location of microseism sources10.1002/grl.50566 ↗
19. Global scale analysis and modelling of primary microseisms10.1093/gji/ggz161 ↗
20. University of Malta (2014). Malta Seismic Network [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks, University of Malta.