Role of water temperature in laser induced breakdown at nickel-water interface for generation of nickel oxide nanocolloids

A pulsed nanosecond laser was focused onto a nickel wire target in distilled water leading to the formation of nickel oxide nanoparticles. The ambient temperature of the liquid was varied and its effect on the associated fluid dynamical counterpart cavitation bubbles was investigated. The cavitation bubble pressure and temperature at different liquid temperature are deduced and its effect on the colloidal solution containing nanoparticles is elucidated.