Design of a Compact IPT System for Medium Distance-to-Diameter Ratio AGV Applications with Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operating in uneven environments are typically designed with an elevated chassis to enhance obstacle-crossing. In inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for such AGVs, a long transmission distance along with limited installation space for coils leads to a medium distance-to-diameter ratio (DDR) (1 < DDR ≤ 2), which reduces coupling efficiency and degrades misalignment tolerance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a compact dual-receiver IPT system for medium DDR conditions. The system adopts a flat U-shaped solenoid (FUS) coil as both the transmitter and the primary receiver, and a square solenoid (SS) coil as the secondary receiver, forming the FUSS dual-receiver structure. The FUS coil is optimized through finite element analysis to improve coupling, while the SS coil captures vertical flux to compensate for misalignment losses, thereby enhancing misalignment tolerance. A hybrid rectifier integrating a full-bridge and voltage doubler topology is used to suppress output voltage fluctuation, reduce the number of receiver coil turns, and minimize system volume. A 300 W/100 kHz prototype with a coupler size of 183 × 126 × 838 mm3 achieves 83.51% efficiency under medium DDR and a 185 mm air gap. Voltage fluctuation remains within 5% under ±51.4% X-axis and ±51.7% Y-axis misalignment, confirming the stable power delivery and improved misalignment tolerance of the system.