Deformation Analysis of Wall-Pile-Anchor Retaining Structures During Shield Tunneling Considering Tunnel-Pit Spatial Interaction
Source abstract
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing complexity of shield tunneling environments has made it critical to control the deformation of adjacent excavation structures and surrounding soils. This study employs numerical simulation using MIDAS GTS/NX to comprehensively analyze the spatial interaction factors between shield tunnels and wall-pile-anchor-supported foundation pits. Structural parameters of the retaining system and tunneling conditions are also evaluated to identify the key factors influencing construction-induced deformation. The results show that the maximum settlement of the adjacent retaining wall occurs when the tunnel burial depth reaches 1.4L, where L is the height of the diaphragm wall. In addition, when the horizontal distance between the tunnel and the excavation is less than 0.75D (D being the tunnel diameter), significant settlement deformation is observed in the nearby support structures. A linear correlation is also identified between the variation in tunnel crown settlement and the excavation depth of the overlying pit during tunnel undercrossing. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis indicates that increasing the embedment depth of the diaphragm wall effectively reduces horizontal displacement at the wall base. Increasing the wall thickness decreases displacement in the upper section of the wall. Similarly, increasing pile diameter and anchor length and diameter, while reducing the inclination angle of anchors, are all effective in minimizing the lateral displacement of the support structure.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis · Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures · Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Funding
the National Natural Science Foundation of China · self-determined and innovative research funds of WUT
References (58)
Show source-provided references
1. Study on the deformation and failure control of massive surrounding rock in shallow buried tunnel based on a new simulation technology10.1016/j.tust.2025.106677 ↗
2. Methods for determining multiple hazards and response analysis of metro shield tunnels considering existing structural damage10.1016/j.tust.2025.106662 ↗
3. Deformation analysis of high-speed railway CFG pile composite subgrade during shield tunnel underpassing10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109193 ↗
4. Analysis of longitudinal deformation of existing rectangular pipe jacking tunnel caused by shield tunnel undercrossing10.1016/j.tust.2025.106532 ↗
5. Application of unmanned aerial vehicle tilt photography technology in geological hazard investigation in China10.1007/s11069-024-06611-3 ↗
6. Qian, X., Qiu, J., Lai, J., and Liu, Y. (2025). Guarantee Rate Statistics and Product-Moment Correlation Analysis of the Optimal Deformation Allowance for Loess Tunnel in China. Appl. Sci., 15.10.3390/app15052451 ↗
7. Effects of twin tunnels construction beneath existing shield-driven twin tunnels10.1016/j.tust.2014.10.001 ↗
8. Simplified method for evaluating shield tunnel deformation due to adjacent excavation10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.010 ↗
9. Calculation method for the response changes of existing bridge piles caused by side penetration of shield tunnels considering construction factors and cumulative impact of excavation10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106472 ↗
10. Settlement and load transfer mechanism of pile group due to side-by-side twin tunnelling10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.10.007 ↗
11. Numerical analysis of pile response to open face tunnelling in stiff clay10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.02.007 ↗
12. Load transfer mechanism in pile group due to single tunnel advancement in stiff clay10.1016/j.tust.2014.08.001 ↗
13. Lateral behaviour of a pile group due to side-by-side twin tunnelling in dry sand: 3D centrifuge tests and numerical modelling10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.04.010 ↗
14. Data-driven disc cutter wear prediction for shield tunneling in complex strata: Model comparison and interpretation10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111041 ↗
15. Behaviour of a large-diameter shield tunnel through multi-layered strata10.1016/j.tust.2021.104062 ↗
16. A simplified elastic analysis of tunnel-piled structure interaction10.1016/j.tust.2016.09.008 ↗
17. Failure Mechanism of the Bearing Stratum at the End of a Pile Induced by Shield Tunnel Excavation Beneath a Piled Building10.1007/s12205-021-0557-0 ↗
18. Simplified analytical method for evaluating the effects of adjacent excavation on shield tunnel considering the shearing effect10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.08.017 ↗
19. Analytical solution for tunnelling-induced ground movement in clays10.1016/j.tust.2004.08.009 ↗
20. Simplified solution for tunnel-soil-pile interaction in Pasternak’s foundation model10.1016/j.tust.2018.04.025 ↗
21. Influence zones for 2D pile–soil-tunnelling interaction based on model test and numerical analysis10.1016/j.tust.2006.07.001 ↗
22. Analytical Prediction for Tunnel-Soil-Pile Interaction Mechanics based on Kerr Foundation Model10.1007/s12205-019-0791-x ↗
23. Theoretical prediction model for deformations caused by construction of new tunnels undercrossing existing tunnels based on the equivalent layered method10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103565 ↗
24. Damage mechanism modelling of shield tunnel with longitudinal differential deformation based on elastoplastic damage model10.1016/j.tust.2021.103952 ↗
25. Effects of tunnelling on existing pipelines in layered soils10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.01.011 ↗
26. Experimental investigation and limit analysis of shield tunnel face failure mechanism in sand10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.002 ↗
27. Laboratory model tests and unstable collapse analysis of SPB shield machine tunnelling in saturated sand10.1016/j.tust.2025.106631 ↗
28. Experimental study of the pore pressure variation during EPB shield tunnelling in the saturated sand10.1016/j.tust.2025.106576 ↗
29. Modelling analysis of the influence of shield crossing on deformation and force in a large diaphragm wall10.1016/j.tust.2017.11.028 ↗
30. Efficiency of pile barriers to mitigate supported excavation effects on existing tunnels10.1016/j.tust.2025.106447 ↗
31. Numerical study on the effect of protective wall depth in reducing structure deformations caused by tunnelling10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105374 ↗
32. Mechanical response analysis of the buried pipeline due to adjacent foundation pit excavation10.1016/j.tust.2018.04.026 ↗
33. Lan, B., Wang, Y., and Wang, W. (2023). Review of the Double-Row Pile Supporting Structure and Its Force and Deformation Characteristics. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13137715 ↗
34. Mao, Z., Ding, T., Hu, F., Ye, S., Ding, L., Zhang, X., Li, P., and Li, N. (2025). The Impact of Different Excavation Support Structures on the Deformation and Stability of Adjacent Station and Tunnels. Buildings, 15.10.3390/buildings15030493 ↗
35. Stability analysis of the pile-prestressed anchor composite structure based on failure mode10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106223 ↗
36. Dynamic response of anchored sheet pile wall under ground motion: Analytical model with experimental validation10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.015 ↗
37. Zhao, W., Wu, X., and Ma, X. (2023). Model Test Study of the Synergistic Interaction between New and Existing Components of Sheet Pile Walls. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13031557 ↗
38. Numerical study on the lateral soil arching effect and associated tunnel responses behind braced excavation in clayey ground10.1016/j.trgeo.2023.100970 ↗
39. Numerical analysis of potential failure modes in shear walls of the tunnel form concrete system: Performance-based approach10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.117494 ↗
40. Pullout Capacity of Long Granular Pile Anchors Using Numerical Analyses of Random Fields10.1007/s12205-024-0518-5 ↗
41. Deformation and mechanical characteristics of tunnel-slope systems with existing anti-slide piles under the replacement structure of pile-wall10.1016/j.tust.2024.105995 ↗
42. Analysis of floating and end-bearing pile foundations affected by deep-excavations10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.105075 ↗
43. Investigation of geometric effects on three-dimensional tunnel deformation mechanisms due to basement excavation10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.10.019 ↗
44. Strain localization of Mohr-Coulomb soils with non-associated plasticity based on micropolar continuum theory10.1016/j.jrmge.2023.02.029 ↗
45. A Mohr-Coulomb-Vilar model for constitutive relationship in root-soil interface under changing suction10.1016/j.sandf.2021.03.005 ↗
46. Evaluation of borehole interface shear test simulations for cohesive soils under monotonic loading: A comparison of Mohr–Coulomb and hypoplasticity constitutive models10.1016/j.finel.2024.104180 ↗
47. A new isotropic hyper-elasticity model for enhancing the rate of convergence of Mohr-Coulomb-like constitutive models and application to shallow foundations and trapdoors10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103957 ↗
48. A Modified Mohr-Coulomb Model to Simulate the Behavior of Pipelines in Unsaturated Soils10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.07.004 ↗
49. Required Active Earth Pressure for 3D ERSs Following a Modified Mohr-Coulomb Strength Criterion10.1007/s12205-024-0356-5 ↗
50. A modified mechanical modeling of pipe-soil lateral/axial interactions incorporating pipe trajectory and contact surface characteristics10.1016/j.tust.2025.106443 ↗
51. FDEM numerical study on the large deformation mechanism of layered rock mass tunnel under excavation-unloading disturbance10.1016/j.tust.2025.106497 ↗
52. Simplified method for evaluating mechanical interactions between tunnel and soil due to adjacent excavation10.1016/j.tust.2023.105205 ↗
53. Excavation disturbance response of deep-buried tunnel with novel dynamic anisotropic mechanical model and failure degree index10.1016/j.tust.2025.106429 ↗
54. Underground space in dry sand and effect of dredging on diaphragm wall using helical anchors − A model study10.1016/j.tust.2024.106326 ↗
55. Flexural performance of rigid joints for diaphragm walls: Experimental investigation and numerical analysis
56. Effects of soil remoulding on keying behaviours of strip plate anchors with padeye offset10.1016/j.apor.2023.103790 ↗
57. Effect of soil remoulding on loss of embedment and bearing capacity of square plate anchors in clay10.1016/j.apor.2025.104470 ↗
58. Micro-macro analysis of the uplift behavior of the suction anchor in clay based on the CFD-DEM coupling model10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106624 ↗