Model Predictive Control-Based Energy-Lifetime Co-Optimization Strategy for Commercial Hybrid Electric Vehicles

To address the issue of key component degradation in hybrid electric commercial vehicles under complex driving cycles negatively impacting system economy and durability, this paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC)-based energy management co-optimization strategy. Firstly, dynamic degradation models for the key components are established, enabling high-fidelity characterization of component health status. Secondly, a system-level model incorporating vehicle dynamics, power battery, and electric drive motor is developed, with the degradation feedback mechanism deeply integrated. Building on this foundation, an MPC-based energy management strategy for multi-objective optimization is designed. Its core functionality lies in the cooperative allocation of power sources within a rolling horizon framework: by integrating component degradation status as critical feedback into the control loop, the strategy proactively coordinates the optimization objectives between operational economy (minimization of equivalent energy consumption) and key component durability (degradation mitigation). Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to traditional energy management strategies, the proposed strategy significantly enhances system performance while ensuring vehicle drivability: equivalent energy efficiency improves by approximately 3.5%, component degradation is reduced by up to 87%, and superior state of charge (SOC) regulation capability for the battery is achieved. This strategy provides an effective control method for achieving intelligent, long-life, and high-efficiency operation of hybrid electric commercial vehicles.