Physiological and Biomechanical Characteristics of Inline Speed Skating: A Systematic Scoping Review
Source abstract
Abstract
The physiological and biomechanical characteristics of inline speed skating have not been systematically mapped nor research evidence synthesized. The aim was to identify and synthesize novel elements across studies, including participant characteristics, outcomes measures, experimental protocol, main outcomes and other relevant information, to inform evidence-based guidelines and recommendations. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. The extracted data were charted and synthesized to summarize the physiological and biomechanical aspects of inline speed skating. From 272 records, 22 studies met the defined criteria. Studies related to inline speed skating focused primarily on physiological variables (n = 14) and lower limb muscles function, with limited evidence on biomechanics of inline speed skating (n = 5) and the combination of biomechanics and physiology (n = 3). An overall unclear risk of bias was observed (59% of studies). Although studies have examined physiological and biomechanical variables, continuous physiological and biomechanical assessments of skaters performing different skills on both straight and curved tracks have not been conducted. Therefore, well-planned physiological and biomechanics studies are required to uncover underexplored areas in research and support the development of sport-specific studies.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Sports Performance and Training · Sports injuries and prevention · Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
Funding
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT)
References (37)
Show source-provided references
1. (2025, March 20). Olympics, Roller Speed Skating. Available online: https://www.olympics.com/en/sports/roller-speed-skating/.
2. Worldskate, W.S.K. (2025, March 20). Speed Rulebook. Available online: https://www.worldskate.org/speed/about/regulations.html.
3. Physiological responses to in-line skating compared to treadmill running10.1249/00005768-199502000-00014 ↗
4. Hemoglobin/myoglobin desaturation during speed skating10.1097/00005768-199702000-00014 ↗
5. Physiological and biomechanical comparison of roller skating and speed skating on ice10.1007/BF00635371 ↗
6. Design and verification of a simple 3D dynamic model of speed skating which mimics observed forces and motions10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.09.004 ↗
7. Performance characteristics of long-track speed skaters: A literature review10.1007/s40279-014-0298-z ↗
8. Interjoint coordination of the lower extremities in short-track speed skating10.1177/0954411917719743 ↗
9. Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Toda, Y., and Minami, M. (2022, January 20–23). Effectiveness of swing arm for walking/skating efficiencies. Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Beppu, Japan.
10. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews10.1136/bmj.n71 ↗
11. Cardiorespiratory responses during exercise in competitive in-line skaters
12. Exercise responses to running and in-line skating at self-selected paces10.1097/00005768-199602000-00014 ↗
13. Comparison between the physiological response to roller skiing and in-line skating in biathletes10.1097/00005768-199904000-00017 ↗
14. Characteristics of inline speedskating-Incremental tests and effect of drafting10.1055/s-2005-872967 ↗
15. Validity of lactate thresholds in inline speed skating10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828a485c ↗
16. Cardiorespiratory demands during an inline speed skating marathon race: A case report
17. Comparison of sport-specific and non-specific exercise testing in inline speed skating
18. Effects of cycling versus running training on sprint and endurance capacity in inline speed skating
19. Effects of cycling vs. running training on endurance performance in preparation for inline speed skating10.1519/JSC.0000000000001247 ↗
20. Physiological and performance responses to high-intensity interval training in female inline speed skaters
21. Physiological and technical commitment during a 300-m in-line skating trial in athletes of different age categories
22. A novel incremental slide board test for speed skaters: Reliability analysis and comparison with a cycling test10.1016/j.apunts.2015.01.003 ↗
23. Bongiorno, G., Biancuzzi, H., Dal Mas, F., and Miceli, L. (2023). Evaluation of muscle energy in isometric maintenance as an index of muscle fatigue in roller speed skating. Front. Sports Act. Living, 5.10.3389/fspor.2023.1153946 ↗
24. Bongiorno, G., Sisti, G., Biancuzzi, H., Dal Mas, F., Minisini, F.G., and Miceli, L. (2024). Training in Roller Speed Skating: Proposal of Surface Electromyography and Kinematics Data for Educational Purposes in Junior and Senior Athletes. Sensors, 24.10.3390/s24237617 ↗
25. Bongiorno, G., Sisti, G., Dal Mas, F., Biancuzzi, H., Varrecchia, T., Chini, G., and Miceli, L. (2024). The Kinematic and Electromyographic Analysis of Roller Skating at Different Speeds on a Treadmill: A Case Study. Sensors, 24.10.3390/s24175738 ↗
26. Bongiorno, G., Biancuzzi, H., Dal Mas, F., Fasano, G., and Miceli, L. (2022). Roller speed skating kinematics and electromyographic analysis: A methodological approach. Sports, 10.10.3390/sports10120209 ↗
27. Chen, J., Xu, K., Ma, H., and Ding, X.L. (2019). Motion characteristics of human roller skating. Biol. Open, 8.10.1242/bio.037713 ↗
28. Selected plantar pressure characteristics associated with the skating performance of national in-line speed skaters10.1080/14763141.2016.1222628 ↗
29. Compromised oxygen uptake in speed skaters during treadmill in-line skating10.1097/00005768-199601000-00023 ↗
30. RoBANS 2: A revised risk of bias assessment tool for nonrandomized studies of interventions10.4082/kjfm.23.0034 ↗
31. Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2097 ↗
32. Evidence for restricted muscle blood flow during speed skating10.1097/00005768-199910000-00012 ↗
33. Skating crossovers on a motorized flywheel: A preliminary experimental design to test effect on speed and on crossovers10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182915f37 ↗
34. Jones, B.D., Wheat, J., Middleton, K., Carey, D.L., and Heller, B. (2025). Reliability of running gait variability measures calculated from inertial measurement units. J. Biomech., 180.10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112515 ↗
35. Mechanical and metabolic requirements for active lateral stabilization in human walking10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.06.002 ↗
36. The condition for dynamic stability10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.03.025 ↗
37. The effects of arm swing on human gait stability10.1242/jeb.045112 ↗