journal article·2025-07-24Open access

Managing Redundancy in a Multiple-Robot Orienteering Problem for Equilibrium and Robustness

Zengzhen Mi, Tong Jiang, Wenwen Leng, Yuchengzhi Lei

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 15

Abstract

In our work, the Robust Multiple-robot Orienteering Problem with Workload Balancing is constructed for the first time. Our primary contribution lies in the rigorous formulation of this problem as a three-stage optimization task. It leverages the Robust Multiple-robot Orienteering Problem (RMOP) as the initial stage. The Path Replanning stage and the workload balancing stage are introduced to minimize walk redundancy and achieve workload equilibrium. The resultant solution upholds the optimality inherent to the original RMOP. Additionally, we craft a suite of heuristic strategies to mitigate redundancy and employ Monte Carlo sampling to tackle the problem. Our algorithm analysis indicates that the method has asymptotic convergence properties and a feasible time complexity under certain conditions. Local parallelization of the algorithm can further improve its performance. Our simulation studies demonstrate that our approach can efficaciously attain a balance between robustness and workload without compromising performance in the presence of adversarial challenges.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms · Optimization and Search Problems · Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China

References (31)

Show source-provided references
1. Minimum Distance and Minimum Time Optimal Path Planning With Bioinspired Machine Learning Algorithms for Faulty Unmanned Air Vehicles10.1109/TITS.2024.3367769 ↗
2. Applications of drone in disaster management: A scoping review10.1016/j.scijus.2021.11.002 ↗
3. Drone based near real-time human detection with geographic localization10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W8-49-2019 ↗
4. Audio-Processing-Based Human Detection at Disaster Sites With Unmanned Aerial Vehicle10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2998776 ↗
5. Shaikh, F.K., Chowdhry, B.S., Zeadally, S., Hussain, D.M.A., Memon, A.A., and Uqaili, M.A. (2014). IBA: Intelligent Bug Algorithm—A Novel Strategy to Navigate Mobile Robots Autonomously. Communication Technologies, Information Security and Sustainable Development: Third International Multi-topic Conference, IMTIC 2013, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 18–20 December 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-10987-9 ↗
6. Wu, C.Y., and Lin, H.Y. (2019, January 13–15). Autonomous Mobile Robot Exploration in Unknown Indoor Environments Based on Rapidly-exploring Random Tree. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.10.1109/ICIT.2019.8754938 ↗
7. The orienteering problem: A survey10.1016/j.ejor.2010.03.045 ↗
8. Jorgensen, S., Chen, R.H., Milam, M.B., and Pavone, M. (2017, January 24–28). The Matroid Team Surviving Orienteers problem: Constrained routing of heterogeneous teams with risky traversal. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Vancouver, BC, Canada.10.1109/IROS.2017.8206450 ↗
9. Thakur, D., Likhachev, M., Keller, J., Kumar, V., Dobrokhodov, V., Jones, K., Wurz, J., and Kaminer, I. (2013, January 3–7). Planning for opportunistic surveillance with multiple robots. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Tokyo, Japan.10.1109/IROS.2013.6697189 ↗
10. Correll, N., Schwager, M., and Otte, M. (2019). Redundant Robot Assignment on Graphs with Uncertain Edge Costs. Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems: The 14th International Symposium, Boulder, CO, USA, 15–17 October 2018, Springer.
11. Formations for Resilient Robot Teams10.1109/LRA.2017.2654550 ↗
12. Prorok, A., Sadler, B.M., Egerstedt, M., and Kumar, V. (2019). Guest Editorial: Special section on “Foundations of resilience for networked robotic systems”. Auton. Robot., 43.10.1007/s10514-018-9818-2 ↗
13. Resilient Flocking for Mobile Robot Teams10.1109/LRA.2017.2655142 ↗
14. Blum, A., Chawla, S., Karger, D., Lane, T., Meyerson, A., and Minkoff, M. (2003, January 11–14). Approximation algorithms for orienteering and discounted-reward TSP. Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA.
15. Robust Multiple-Path Orienteering Problem: Securing Against Adversarial Attacks10.1109/TRO.2022.3232268 ↗
16. Assunção, L., and Santos, A.C. (2025). The Robust Steiner Team Orienteering Problem with Decreasing Priorities under budgeted uncertainty. Oper. Res. Perspect., 15.10.1016/j.orp.2025.100344 ↗
17. Robust Team Orienteering Problem with Decreasing Profits10.1287/ijoc.2022.1240 ↗
18. Mansfield, A., Manjanna, S., Macharet, D.G., and Ani Hsieh, M. (October, January 27). Multi-robot Scheduling for Environmental Monitoring as a Team Orienteering Problem. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Prague, Czech Republic.10.1109/IROS51168.2021.9636854 ↗
19. Iterated local search for the team orienteering problem with time windows10.1016/j.cor.2009.03.008 ↗
20. Chekuri, C., and Pal, M. (2005, January 23–25). A recursive greedy algorithm for walks in directed graphs. Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS’05), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
21. Efficient informative sensing using multiple robots
22. Atanasov, N., Le Ny, J., Daniilidis, K., and Pappas, G.J. (2015, January 26–30). Decentralized active information acquisition: Theory and application to multi-robot SLAM. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Seattle, WA, USA.10.1109/ICRA.2015.7139863 ↗
23. Robust monotone submodular function maximization10.1007/s10107-018-1320-2 ↗
24. Tzoumas, V., Gatsis, K., Jadbabaie, A., and Pappas, G.J. (2017, January 12–15). Resilient monotone submodular function maximization. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.10.1109/CDC.2017.8263844 ↗
25. Tzoumas, V., Jadbabaie, A., and Pappas, G.J. (2018, January 17–19). Resilient Monotone Sequential Maximization. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Miami, FL, USA.10.1109/CDC.2018.8618873 ↗
26. Schlotfeldt, B., Tzoumas, V., Thakur, D., and Pappas, G.J. (2018, January 1–5). Resilient Active Information Gathering with Mobile Robots. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Madrid, Spain.10.1109/IROS.2018.8593630 ↗
27. Resilient Active Target Tracking With Multiple Robots10.1109/LRA.2018.2881296 ↗
28. Wurm, K.M., Stachniss, C., and Burgard, W. (2008, January 22–26). Coordinated multi-robot exploration using a segmentation of the environment. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Nice, France.10.1109/IROS.2008.4650734 ↗
29. Coordinated multi-robot exploration10.1109/TRO.2004.839232 ↗
30. Klodt, L., and Willert, V. (October, January 28). Equitable workload partitioning for Multi-Robot exploration through pairwise optimization. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Hamburg, Germany.10.1109/IROS.2015.7353763 ↗
31. Zhang, H., and Vorobeychik, Y. (2016, January 12–17). Submodular optimization with routing constraints. Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI’16), Phoenix, AZ, USA.10.1609/aaai.v30i1.10066 ↗