journal article·2025-06-27Open access

Comparison of Acceleration Amplification for Seismic Behavior Characteristics Analysis of Electrical Cabinet Model: Experimental and Numerical Study

Da-Woon Yun, Bub-Gyu Jeon, Sung-Wan Kim, Daegi Hahm, Hong-Pyo Lee

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 13

Abstract

Given the critical role of electrical cabinets in the post-earthquake recovery and emergency response of nuclear power plants (NPPs), a comprehensive assessment of their seismic performance is essential to ensure operational safety. This study analyzed seismic behavior by fabricating an electrical cabinet model based on the dynamic characteristics and field surveys of equipment installed in a Korean-type NPP. A shaking table test with simultaneous tri-axial excitation was conducted, incrementally increasing the seismic motion until damage was observed. A numerical model was then developed based on the experimental results, followed by a seismic response analysis and comparison of results. The findings verified that assuming fixed anchorage conditions in the numerical model may significantly overestimate seismic performance, as it fails to account for the nonlinear behavior of the anchorage system, as well as the superposition between global and local modes caused by cabinet rocking and impact under strong seismic loading. Furthermore, damage and impact at the anchorage amplified acceleration responses, significantly affecting the high-frequency range and the vertical behavior, leading to substantial amplification of the in-cabinet response spectrum.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems · Structural Health Monitoring Techniques · Seismic Performance and Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Seismic Research and Test Center, Pusan National University, 49, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea

Structural and Seismic Safety Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea

Central Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., 70, Yuseong-daero 1312beon-gil, Daejeon 34101, Republic of Korea

Funding

Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) · Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea

References (57)

Show source-provided references
1. Effects of the January 2010 Haitian earthquake on selected electrical equipment10.1193/1.3636415 ↗
2. Seismic resilience of internet data center building with different disaster mitigation techniques10.1016/j.rcns.2022.06.003 ↗
3. Seismic evaluation of different types of electrical cabinets in nuclear power plants considering coupling effects: Experimental and numerical study10.1016/j.net.2023.06.024 ↗
4. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) (1981). Identification of New Unresolved Safety Issues Relating to Nuclear Power Plant Stations (NUREG-0705).
5. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) (1987). Seismic Qualification of Equipment in Operating Nuclear Power Plants (NUREG-1030).
6. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (2004). Seismic Design and Qualification for Nuclear Power Plants, IAEA.
7. Experimental study for seismic demands on in-cabinet equipment in NPPs10.1080/02533839.2014.888823 ↗
8. Evaluation of MCC seismic response according to the frequency contents through the shake table test10.1016/j.net.2020.10.002 ↗
9. Jeong, Y.S., Eem, S.H., Jeon, B.G., and Park, D.U. (2022). Evaluation of structural and functional behavior of battery charger for low/high-frequency motions in NPP. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12094328 ↗
10. Seismic behavior of simplified electrical cabinet model considering cast-in-place anchor in uncracked and cracked concretes10.1016/j.net.2023.08.002 ↗
11. Nagai, M., Minakawa, Y., Hibino, K., Takamatsu, N., Ishida, N., Yoshimura, E., Maruyama, N., and Furuya, O. (2024, January 3–8). Shaking Table Test of Electrical Cabinet Considering Shock Vibration. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
12. Shaking table tests of a switching power cabinet considering physical damage and functionality loss10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108421 ↗
13. Shaking table tests of power distribution cabinets: Physical damage, post-earthquake functionality and seismic response evaluation10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106208 ↗
14. Seismic capacity evaluation of NPP electrical cabinet facility considering grouping effects10.1080/00223131.2020.1724206 ↗
15. Tran, T.T., Cao, A.T., Kim, D., and Chang, S.K. (2020). Seismic vulnerability of cabinet facility with tuned mass dampers subjected to high-and low-frequency earthquakes. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10144850 ↗
16. Evaluating the applicability of seismic retrofit of an electric cabinet in a power plant10.1680/jstbu.22.00058 ↗
17. Gupta, A., Rustogi, S.K., and Gupta, A.K. (1999, January 15–20). Reconciliation of Experimental and Analysis Results for Switchgear Incabinet Spectra. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
18. Ries, M., Hahn, T., and Henkel, F.O. (2017, January 20–25). Seismic Qualification of an Electrical Cabinet: Comparison of Analysis and Test Results. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea.
19. Son, H., Park, S., Jeon, B.G., Jung, W.Y., Choi, J., and Ju, B.S. (2020). Seismic qualification of electrical cabinet using high-fidelity simulation under high frequency earthquakes. Sustainability, 12.10.3390/su12198048 ↗
20. Dynamic characteristics of double-door electrical cabinet by 3D finite element analysis model10.11004/kosacs.2020.11.5.060 ↗
21. Effect of frequency content of earthquake on the seismic response of interconnected electrical equipment10.3390/civileng1030012 ↗
22. Dynamic characteristics of single door electrical cabinet under rocking: Source reconciliation of experimental and numerical findings10.1016/j.net.2021.01.003 ↗
23. The influence of torsion on acceleration demands in low-rise RC buildings10.1007/s10518-024-01873-5 ↗
24. Llambias, J.M., Sevant, C.J., and Shepherd, D.J. (1989, January 22–27). Non-Linear Response of Electrical Cubicles for Fragility Estimation. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Anaheim, CA, USA.
25. Rocking stiffness of mounting arrangements in electrical cabinets and control panels10.1016/S0029-5493(02)00279-0 ↗
26. Analysis of anchorage behavior characteristics of the electrical cabinet using shaking table tests10.5050/KSNVE.2019.29.1.043 ↗
27. Seismic demand estimation of electrical cabinet in nuclear power plant considering equipment-anchor-interaction10.1016/j.net.2021.10.021 ↗
28. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (2012). Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage—A Practical Guide (FEMA E-74).
29. Guidelines for estimation of cabinet dynamic amplification10.1016/0029-5493(90)90244-R ↗
30. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) (2007). The Effects of High-Frequency Ground Motion on Structures, Components, and Equipment in Nuclear Power Plants, EPRI.
31. Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Hofmayer, C.H., Kassir, M.K., and Pepper, S.E. (1988). Dynamic Amplification of Electrical Cabinets (NUREG/CR-5203).10.2172/6845732 ↗
32. Effect of base shim plates on seismic qualification of electrical control panels
33. Issues of control panel rigidity in seismic qualification
34. Effect of base uplift on dynamic response of electrical and mechanical equipment
35. Seismic response of electrical cabinets considering primary-secondary structure interaction with contact nonlinearity of anchors10.1080/00223131.2021.2007812 ↗
36. Seismic response and fragility analysis of railway station typical signal cabinets10.1016/j.istruc.2024.107185 ↗
37. Frequency analysis of the motor control centers in a nuclear power plant using testing and simulating methods
38. American Concrete Institute (ACI) (2007). Qualification of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete and Commentary (ACI 355.2-07), ACI.
39. (2019). Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel (Standard No. ASTM A36/A36M-19).
40. Ritz vector approach for evaluating incabinet response spectra10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00076-X ↗
41. Grouping effect on the seismic response of cabinet facility considering primary-secondary structure interaction10.1016/j.net.2019.11.024 ↗
42. Understanding the seismic response of electrical equipment subjected to high–frequency ground motions10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103915 ↗
43. Chang, S.J., Lee, Y.L., Jeong, Y.S., Kim, J.B., and Park, D.U. (2024). Seismic Test Report for 1st Limit State Test of Load Center, Seismic Research and Test Center (SESTEC), Institute for Research and Business Development Foundation, Pusan National University.
44. A case study on the failure of the electrical panel of nuclear power plants by shaking table tests10.1016/j.net.2025.103533 ↗
45. (2023). Carbon Steel Square Pipes for General Structural Purposes (Standard No. KS D 3568).
46. Rivera-Rosarino, H.T., and Powell, J.S. (2017). Installation Torque Tables for Noncritical Applications (NASA/TM-2017-219475).
47. (2013). IEEE Standard for Seismic Qualification of Equipment for Nuclear Power Generating Stations (Standard No. IEEE Std 344).
48. Kim, J.B., Kim, S.K., Seo, K.S., and Lee, J.C. (2019, January 23–25). Stress-Strain Curves of Mild Carbon Steels for Decommissioning Wastes Transportation Container. Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Autumn Meeting, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
49. An experimental study on buckling behaviors of cold-formed carbon steel square hollow section compressive members under a concentric axial load
50. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) (2006). Recommendations for Revision of Seismic Damping Values in Regulatory Guide 1.61 (NUREG/CR-6919).
51. Jeon, B.G., Chang, S.J., Kim, S.W., Park, D.U., and Chun, N. (2024). Experimental study on the acceleration amplification ratio of cable terminations for electric power facilities. Energies, 17.10.3390/en17225641 ↗
52. Measurement of dynamic comfort in cycling using wireless acceleration sensors10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.097 ↗
53. Shah, S. (2002, January 5–6). Mesh Discretization Error and Criteria for Accuracy of Finite Element Solutions. Proceedings of the 4th ASEAN ANSYS Users Conference, Singapore.
54. Nahar, T.T., Cao, A.T., and Kim, D. (2021). Effective safety assessment of aged concrete gravity dam based on the reliability index in a seismically induced site. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11051987 ↗
55. An efficient numerical modeling approach for coupled electrical cabinets in nuclear power plants10.1016/j.net.2024.03.048 ↗
56. (2018). IEEE Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations (Standard No. IEEE Std 693).
57. Evaluation of Acceleration Amplification Factors Based on the Structural Type of Substation for the Seismic Design of Power Facilities10.7734/COSEIK.2020.33.3.159 ↗