Construction of the Stand and Experimental Studies of the Iontophoresis Process
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper presents our own design of a research station and exemplary experimental analyses of the iontophoresis process, i.e., a method of electrotransporting substances using direct current. This technique has a wide application in medicine, especially in controlled drug delivery. The first part of this paper discusses the theoretical foundations of iontophoresis, mechanisms of action and its current applications. Then, the design of the research station is described in detail, taking into account its key structural elements, including electrodes made of 316L surgical steel and electrical parameters of work and the adopted research methodology. For the analyzed group of solutions, a power supply with adjustable voltage in the range of 1 to 10 V and current protection up to 400 mA should be used. Additionally, the operation of the constructed setup requires a direct current power source. The tests also showed that the temperature of the solutions, ranging from 26 °C to 40 °C, does not significantly affect the selection of the appropriate power supply for the iontophoresis device. The conducted experimental research clearly demonstrated the usefulness of the setup for identifying the parameters of the iontophoresis process.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics · Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Katedra Mechatroniki i Maszyn Roboczych, Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
References (23)
Show source-provided references
1. A comparative evaluation of aluminum chloride hexahydrate gel iontophoresis versus tap water iontophoresis in people with primary palmar hyperhidrosis: A randomised clinical trial10.25259/IJDVL_975_2022 ↗
2. Karpiński, T.M. (2018). Selected medicines used in iontophoresis. Pharmaceutics, 10.10.3390/pharmaceutics10040204 ↗
3. Iontophoresis in dermal delivery: A review of applications in dermato-cosmetic and aesthetic sciences10.1111/ics.12824 ↗
4. Dakowicz, A., Dzięcioł-Anikiej, Z., Hryniewicz, A., Judycka, M., Ciołkiewicz, M., Moskal-Jasińska, D., and Kuryliszyn-Moskal, A. (2022). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Iontophoresis with Perskindol Gel in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joints. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.10.3390/ijerph19148489 ↗
5. Application of iontophoresis in ophthalmic practice: An innovative strategy to deliver drugs into the eye10.1080/10717544.2023.2165736 ↗
6. Wan Hassan, W.M.S., Tamuri, A.R., and Zainal, R. (2023). Current and resistance. Physics—Problems, Solutions, and Computer Calculations, Springer.10.1007/978-3-031-43165-4 ↗
7. Integrated Multimotor Electrical DC Drive for Metallurgical Rolling Table
8. Qasem, N.A., Generous, M.M., Qureshi, B.A., and Zubair, S.M. (2023). Electrical conductivity. Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Saline Water: Models, Correlations and Data for Desalination and Relevant Applications, Springer.10.1007/978-3-031-35193-8 ↗
9. Coetzee, D., Venkataraman, M., Militky, J., and Petru, M. (2020). Influence of Nanoparticles on Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Composites. Polymers, 12.10.3390/polym12040742 ↗
10. Cosoli, G., Mobili, A., Tittarelli, F., Revel, G.M., and Chiariotti, P. (2020). Electrical Resistivity and Electrical Impedance Measurement in Mortar and Concrete Elements: A Systematic Review. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10249152 ↗
11. An integrated Mg battery-powered iontophoresis patch for efficient and controllable transdermal drug delivery10.1038/s41467-023-35990-7 ↗
12. Hasan, M., Khatun, A., and Kogure, K. (2022). Iontophoresis of Biological Macromolecular Drugs. Pharmaceutics, 14.10.3390/pharmaceutics14030525 ↗
13. Combination of lipid nanoparticles and iontophoresis for enhanced lopinavir skin permeation: Impact of electric current on lipid dynamics10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106048 ↗
14. Iontophoresis-driven porous microneedle array patch for active transdermal drug delivery10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.023 ↗
15. Influencing factors and drug application of iontophoresis in transdermal drug delivery: An overview of recent progress10.1007/s13346-021-00898-6 ↗
16. Iontophoresis: A potential emergence of a transdermal drug delivery system10.3797/scipharm.1108-20 ↗
17. Bok, M., Kwon, Y.I., Huang, Z.M., and Lim, E. (2023). Portable Iontophoresis Device for Efficient Drug Delivery. Bioengineering, 10.10.3390/bioengineering10010088 ↗
18. Tari, K., Khamoushian, S., Madrakian, T., Afkhami, A., Łos, M.J., Ghoorchian, A., Samarghandi, M.R., and Ghavami, S. (2021). Controlled Transdermal Iontophoresis of Insulin from Water-Soluble Polypyrrole Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.10.3390/ijms222212479 ↗
19. Iontophoresis as an Effective Drug Delivery System in Dentistry: A Review
20. Advances in the design and application of contactless conductivity detectors for separation, flow-through, microfluidic and sensing techniques: A review10.1016/j.aca.2024.343325 ↗
21. Peter, C.H., and Pavel, K. (2024). Contactless Conductivity Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis—Developments From 2020 to 2024. Electrophoresis.
22. Pomiary przewodności elektrycznej właściwej elektrolitów metodą podstawową
23. A new design of iontophoresis device designed on the basis of educational platform teams