Development of apatite on 45S5 bioglass/polycaprolactone composite for enhanced bone tissue engineering applications

In this study, we investigated Hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on material substrate 45S5 bioglass/polycaprolactone (BG/PCL), with a focus on its potential applications in bone tissue engineering. HA was formed by soaking the BG/PCL membranes in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The properties of membranes were determined by characterisation such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, their biocompatibility was investigated by following the weight loss and pH shift of phosphate-buffered saline solution. More important, BG/PCL/HA-x (x: immersion days in SBF solution) samples were implemented in cell viability tests using MC3T3-E1 (Pre-osteoblast cells) compared to the control sample to analyse the association between live cell proliferation and SBF solution immersion durations. The results showed that HA was generated significantly with porous and amorphous structures on the BG/PCL/HA-28 membrane. Simultaneously, BG/PCL/HA-28 also demonstrated a substantial increase in the number of viable cells, with the optical density value exceeding 75%. This research emphasises the significant potential of HA formation on material in advancing bone tissue engineering.