journal article·2025-05-14Open access

Flexural Buckling Failure of Rock Slopes: A Review of Influencing Factors and Analysis Methods

Yanjun Zhang, Ning Fan, Jiale Shi, Laizheng Pei, Jianmin Tan, Runqing Ye, Lei Liu

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 10

Abstract

The flexural buckling failure is a relatively common instability phenomenon in rock slopes both at the small and large scale. It poses a serious threat to the normal operation and maintenance of nearby infrastructure and the life and property safety of surrounding residents. A profound understanding of the deformation and failure mechanism of flexural buckling, as well as the development of quantitative approaches for buckling stability analyses, are of great significance for the risk identification and control of buckling landslides. This study combines the literature relevant to flexural buckling of rock slopes by systematically reviewing the research progress and trends from 1970 to 2023, following the research path of “triggering mechanism → analysis methods”. Based on this proposition, the intrinsic and triggering factors that influence the deformation process of flexural buckling failure in dip rock slopes are detailed and clarified. Then, the main progress achieved in physical, analytical, and numerical modelling regarding the stability and run-out analysis of buckling landslides is comprehensively introduced. Finally, this study provides some outlooks for future research and practice in the field of buckling landslides.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Landslides and related hazards · Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis · Rock Mechanics and Modeling

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey (Central South China Innovation Center for Geosciences), Wuhan 430205, China

Innovation Base for Geo-Safety Risk Forecasting and Prevention Technology in Central South China, Geological Society of China, Wuhan 430205, China

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China

Key Laboratory of Engineering and Technology for Soft Soil Foundation and Tideland Reclamation of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China

Funding

Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China · Follow-up of the Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Project in the Three Gorges area · National Natural Science Foundation of China · “Qianlong Plan” Youth Talent Project of Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey · Project of China Geological Survey

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