Filtered Operator-Based Nonlinear Control for DC–DC Converter-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator System

In recent years, with the growing interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) and decarbonization, energy harvesting has been attracting attention. Energy harvesting is a technology that converts ambient energy such as light, heat, and vibration into electrical power, and it is also known as environmental power generation. A triboelectric nanogenerator is a type of energy harvesting device that converts mechanical energy, such as vibration, into electrical energy using the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction. The advantages of this device include low cost and high durability. Due to the principle of triboelectric nanogenerators, a stable output voltage cannot be obtained, so auxiliary circuits such as DC–DC converters are required to obtain the desired voltage. In this paper, a DC–DC converter is utilized, controlled by a system based on operator theory, with a filter incorporated to enhance tracking performance, ensuring that the output voltage follows the target value.