RotJoint-Based Action Analyzer: A Robust Pose Comparison Pipeline
Source abstract
Abstract
Human pose comparison involves measuring the similarities in body postures between individuals to understand movement patterns and interactions, yet existing methods are often insufficiently robust and flexible. In this paper, we propose a RotJoint-based pipeline for pose similarity estimation that is both fine-grained and generalizable, as well as robust. Firstly, we developed a comprehensive benchmark for action ambiguity that intuitively and effectively evaluates the robustness of pose comparison methods against challenges such as body shape variations, viewpoint variations, and torsional poses. To address these challenges, we define a feature representation called RotJoints, which is strongly correlated with both the semantic and spatial characteristics of the pose. This parameter emphasizes the description of limb rotations across multiple dimensions, rather than merely describing orientation. Finally, we propose TemporalRotNet, a Transformer-based network, trained via supervised contrastive learning to capture spatial–temporal motion features. It achieves 93.7% accuracy on NTU-RGB+D close set action classification and 88% on the open set, demonstrating its effectiveness for dynamic motion analysis. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our RotJoint-based pipeline produces results more aligned with human understanding across a wide range of common pose comparison tasks and achieves superior performance in situations prone to ambiguity.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Human Pose and Action Recognition · Hand Gesture Recognition Systems · Human Motion and Animation
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Hangzhou Sunrise Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, China
Funding
“Leading Goose + X” Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province of China
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. Yoga pose classification: A CNN and MediaPipe inspired deep learning approach for real-world application10.1007/s12652-022-03910-0 ↗
2. Deep 3D human pose estimation: A review10.1016/j.cviu.2021.103225 ↗
3. Lee, S., and Lee, K. (2023, January 27–31). CheerUp: A Real-time Ambient Visualization of Cheerleading Pose Similarity. Proceedings of the Companion Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Sydney, Australia.10.1145/3581754.3584135 ↗
4. Sebernegg, A., Kán, P., and Kaufmann, H. (2020). Motion similarity modeling—A state of the art report. arXiv.
5. Li, K., Wang, S., Zhang, X., Xu, Y., Xu, W., and Tu, Z. (2021, January 20–25). Pose recognition with cascade transformers. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Nashville, TN, USA.10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.00198 ↗
6. Yan, S., Xiong, Y., and Lin, D. (2018, January 2–7). Spatial temporal graph convolutional networks for skeleton-based action recognition. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New Orleans, LA, USA.10.1609/aaai.v32i1.12328 ↗
7. Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Cheng, J., and Lu, H. (2019, January 15–20). Two-stream adaptive graph convolutional networks for skeleton-based action recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Long Beach, CA, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2019.01230 ↗
8. Chen, Z., Li, S., Yang, B., Li, Q., and Liu, H. (2021, January 2–9). Multi-scale spatial temporal graph convolutional network for skeleton-based action recognition. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Virtual.10.1609/aaai.v35i2.16197 ↗
9. Zeng, A., Sun, X., Yang, L., Zhao, N., Liu, M., and Xu, Q. (2021, January 11–17). Learning skeletal graph neural networks for hard 3D pose estimation. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, Montreal, BC, Canada.10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.01124 ↗
10. Krüger, B., Tautges, J., Weber, A., and Zinke, A. (2010, January 2–4). Fast local and global similarity searches in large motion capture databases. Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Animation, Madrid, Spain.
11. Action transformer: A self-attention model for short-time pose-based human action recognition10.1016/j.patcog.2021.108487 ↗
12. Zero-shot action recognition in videos: A survey10.1016/j.neucom.2021.01.036 ↗
13. GAN for vision, KG for relation: A two-stage network for zero-shot action recognition10.1016/j.patcog.2022.108563 ↗
14. Zero-shot learning for action recognition using synthesized features10.1016/j.neucom.2020.01.078 ↗
15. Learning to model relationships for zero-shot video classification10.1109/TPAMI.2020.2985708 ↗
16. Whole-body humanoid robot imitation with pose similarity evaluation10.1016/j.sigpro.2014.08.030 ↗
17. Vitpose: Simple vision transformer baselines for human pose estimation
18. Vitpose++: Vision transformer for generic body pose estimation10.1109/TPAMI.2023.3330016 ↗
19. Alphapose: Whole-body regional multi-person pose estimation and tracking in real-time10.1109/TPAMI.2022.3222784 ↗
20. Ngan, P.T.H., Hochin, T., and Nomiya, H. (2017, January 26–28). Similarity measure of human body movement through 3D chaincode. Proceedings of the 2017 18th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD), Kanazawa, Japan.
21. Human3.6M: Large Scale Datasets and Predictive Methods for 3D Human Sensing in Natural Environments10.1109/TPAMI.2013.248 ↗
22. Zhou, J., Feng, W., Lei, Q., Liu, X., Zhong, Q., Wang, Y., Jin, J., Gui, G., and Wang, W. (2021, January 22–24). Skeleton-based human keypoints detection and action similarity assessment for fitness assistance. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP), Nanjing, China.10.1109/ICSIP52628.2021.9689020 ↗
23. Lee, J.J., Choi, J.H., Chuluunsaikhan, T., and Nasridinov, A. (2020, January 14–17). Pose evaluation for dance learning application using joint position and angular similarity. Proceedings of the Adjunct Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Virtual.10.1145/3410530.3414402 ↗
24. From human pose similarity metric to 3D human pose estimator: Temporal propagating LSTM networks10.1109/TPAMI.2022.3164344 ↗
25. SMPL: A skinned multi-person linear model
26. Pavlakos, G., Choutas, V., Ghorbani, N., Bolkart, T., Osman, A.A., Tzionas, D., and Black, M.J. (2019, January 15–20). Expressive body capture: 3d hands, face, and body from a single image. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Long Beach, CA, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2019.01123 ↗
27. Chen, W., Jiang, Z., Guo, H., and Ni, X. (2020). Fall detection based on key points of human-skeleton using openpose. Symmetry, 12.10.3390/sym12050744 ↗
28. Kendall, A., Grimes, M., and Cipolla, R. (2015, January 13–16). Posenet: A convolutional network for real-time 6-dof camera relocalization. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Santiago, Chile.10.1109/ICCV.2015.336 ↗
29. Maji, D., Nagori, S., Mathew, M., and Poddar, D. (2022, January 18–24). Yolo-pose: Enhancing yolo for multi person pose estimation using object keypoint similarity loss. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New Orleans, LA, USA.10.1109/CVPRW56347.2022.00297 ↗
30. Xiao, B., Wu, H., and Wei, Y. (2018, January 8–14). Simple baselines for human pose estimation and tracking. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Munich, Germany.10.1007/978-3-030-01231-1_29 ↗
31. Charles, J., Pfister, T., Magee, D., Hogg, D., and Zisserman, A. (2016, January 21–26). Personalizing human video pose estimation. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Honolulu, HI, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2016.334 ↗
32. Osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osterix (Osx) is an upstream regulator of Satb2 during bone formation10.1074/jbc.M111.244236 ↗
33. Lin, J., Zeng, A., Wang, H., Zhang, L., and Li, Y. (2023, January 17–24). One-stage 3d whole-body mesh recovery with component aware transformer. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vancouver, BC, Canada.10.1109/CVPR52729.2023.02027 ↗
34. Moon, G., Choi, H., and Lee, K.M. (2022, January 18–24). Accurate 3D hand pose estimation for whole-body 3D human mesh estimation. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New Orleans, LA, USA.10.1109/CVPRW56347.2022.00257 ↗
35. Metrics for 3D rotations: Comparison and analysis10.1007/s10851-009-0161-2 ↗
36. Switonski, A., Michalczuk, A., Josinski, H., Polanski, A., and Wojciechowski, K. (2012, January 22–23). Dynamic time warping in gait classification of motion capture data. Proceedings of the World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET), Paris, France. Number 71.
37. Discover human poses similarity and action recognition based on machine learning10.11591/eei.v12i3.4930 ↗
38. Chan, J., Leung, H., Tang, K.T., and Komura, T. (2010, January 10–12). Immersive performance training tools using motion capture technology. Proceedings of the 1st Intenational ICST Conference on Immersive Telecommunications & Workshops, Verona, Italy.
39. Kipf, T.N., and Welling, M. (2022, January 25–29). Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations, Online.
40. Pointnet++: Deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets in a metric space
41. Wang, Y., Xiao, Y., Xiong, F., Jiang, W., Cao, Z., Zhou, J.T., and Yuan, J. (2020, January 13–19). 3DV: 3D dynamic voxel for action recognition in depth video. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Seattle, WA, USA.10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00059 ↗
42. Robust arbitrary-view gait recognition based on 3D partial similarity matching10.1109/TIP.2016.2612823 ↗
43. Sweeney, C., Kneip, L., Hollerer, T., and Turk, M. (2015, January 7–12). Computing similarity transformations from only image correspondences. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Boston, MA, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298951 ↗
44. Shape similarity for 3D video sequences of people10.1007/s11263-010-0319-9 ↗
45. Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., Dehghani, M., Minderer, M., Heigold, G., and Gelly, S. (2020, January 30). An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale. Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
46. Radford, A., Kim, J.W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., Goh, G., Agarwal, S., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Mishkin, P., and Clark, J. (2021, January 18–24). Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision. Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, Online.
47. Ionescu, C., Li, F., and Sminchisescu, C. (2011, January 6–13). Latent Structured Models for Human Pose Estimation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision, Barcelona, Spain.10.1109/ICCV.2011.6126500 ↗
48. Meet JEANIE: A Similarity Measure for 3D Skeleton Sequences via Temporal-Viewpoint Alignment10.1007/s11263-024-02070-2 ↗
49. 3D human motion analysis framework for shape similarity and retrieval10.1016/j.imavis.2013.12.011 ↗
50. Rybarczyk, Y., Deters, J.K., Gonzalo, A.A., Esparza, D., Gonzalez, M., Villarreal, S., and Nunes, I.L. (2018). Recognition of physiotherapeutic exercises through DTW and low-cost vision-based motion capture. Proceedings of the Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction: Proceedings of the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors and Systems Interaction, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 17–21 July 2017, Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-60366-7_33 ↗
51. Ntu rgb+ d 120: A large-scale benchmark for 3d human activity understanding10.1109/TPAMI.2019.2916873 ↗
52. Shahroudy, A., Liu, J., Ng, T.T., and Wang, G. (2016, January 27–30). Ntu rgb+ d: A large scale dataset for 3d human activity analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Las Vegas, NV, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2016.115 ↗
53. Gesture interaction in virtual reality10.3724/SP.J.2096-5796.2018.0006 ↗
54. Fan, H., Yu, X., Ding, Y., Yang, Y., and Kankanhalli, M. (2021, January 3–7). Pstnet: Point spatio-temporal convolution on point cloud sequences. Proceedings of the ICLR 2021—9th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, Virtual.
55. Flashattention-3: Fast and accurate attention with asynchrony and low-precision
56. Chen, Y., Zhang, Z., Yuan, C., Li, B., Deng, Y., and Hu, W. (2021, January 11–17). Channel-wise topology refinement graph convolution for skeleton-based action recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, Montreal, BC, Canada.10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.01311 ↗