Experimental Study on Dynamic Force–Thermal Loading for Multi-Stage Telescopic Wings Based on the Dynamic Multi-Point Equivalent Method

To address the challenge of simulating force–thermal environmental loads on morphing wings during flight, this study proposes and validates a force–thermal simulation method based on servo loading. First, the aerodynamic loads on a multi-stage telescopic wing under extreme conditions were systematically analyzed to identify the critical design loads. Subsequently, a force–thermal servo loading platform for multi-stage telescopic wings was designed and constructed to evaluate the performance of the wing’s morphing mechanism during flight. A dynamic multi-point equivalent method based on grid reconstruction was proposed and theoretically derived, along with simulations using a traditional multi-point load distribution method. Compared to the conventional equal-area division method, the simulation results demonstrated a significant improvement in deformation fitting accuracy using the proposed method. Finally, force–thermal servo loading experiments were conducted on a prototype of the multi-stage telescopic wing. The results verified that the proposed loading method can accurately simulate load variations during flight, with experimental trends closely aligning with simulation predictions. Additionally, the experiments demonstrated the loading system’s rapid response capability, confirming the feasibility and potential of the designed loading platform and theoretical model. This research provides critical technical support and theoretical foundations for the design, validation, and force–thermal environment simulation of future multidimensional morphing wings.