journal article·2024-12-31Open access

Neighbor Session Solutions for Integrated Routing Protocols

Martin Kontsek, Pavel Segec, Marek Moravcik, Juraj Smiesko

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 1

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel methodology for the design of dual-stack IP routing protocols focused on neighborships and routing messages transport. The first part describes currently used dual-stack IP routing protocols, their history, and key features. The description of four identified combinations based on a number of neighbor sessions and protocol used for the transport of routing messages is presented afterward. These combinations are introduced as Protocol Integration Solution Classes (PISCs) in this paper. Colored Petri nets (CPNs) are selected as a formal method to create a model of each PISC. The following parts deal with a detailed description and analysis of the created Protocol Integration Solution Class models, which are also verified and compared with each other. Based on the comparison of each PISC model simulation step, the PISC 2 class is selected as the most efficient one. The last part of the paper formulates recommendations for the dual-stack IP routing protocol design based on the results presented in this paper.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks · IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security · Network Packet Processing and Optimization

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of InfoComm Networks, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Funding

EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia

References (44)

Show source-provided references
1. Gonzalez-Trejo, J.E., Rivera-Rodriguez, R., Tchernykh, A., Lozano-Rizk, J.E., Villarreal-Reyes, S., Galaviz-Mosqueda, A., and Gonzalez Compean, J.L. (2022). A Novel Strategy for Computing Routing Paths for Software-Defined Networks Based on MOCell Optimization. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app122211590 ↗
2. Ungureanu, M.D.T., Păscuțoiu, O., and Borcoci, E. (2024). Optimization Algorithms in SDN: Routing, Load Balancing, and Delay Optimization. Appl. Sci., 14.10.3390/app14145967 ↗
3. Almuntasheri, S., and Alenazi, M.J. (2022). Software-Defined Network-Based Energy-Aware Routing Method for Wireless Sensor Networks in Industry 4.0. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app121910073 ↗
4. Minhas, T., Khan, S., Arslan, F., Ali, A., Hussain, A., Ali, J.A., Minhas, T., Khan, S., Arslan, F., and Ali, A. (2023). A Versatile Resilience Packet Ring Protocol Model for Homogeneous Networks. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13084660 ↗
5. Farooq, W., Islam, S.u., Khan, M.A., Rehman, S., Gulzari, U.A., and Boudjadar, J. (2022). UGAVs-MDVR: A Cluster-Based Multicast Routing Protocol for Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles Communication in VANET. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app122311995 ↗
6. Albeyar, M.A., Smaoui, I., Mnif, H., and Alani, S. (2024). Proposed Supercluster-Based UMBBFS Routing Protocol for Emergency Message Dissemination in Edge-RSU for 5G VANET. Computers, 13.10.3390/computers13080208 ↗
7. Wang, X., Peng, B., Wang, G., Mohaisen, L., and Joiner, L. (2023). Towards Delay Tolerant Networking for Connectivity Aware Routing Protocol for VANET-WSN Communications. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13064008 ↗
8. Lee, S.W., Heo, K.S., Kim, M.A., Kim, D.K., Choi, H., Zhang, L., Liang, K., Lee, S.W., Heo, K.S., and Kim, M.A. (2024). Multiple-Junction-Based Traffic-Aware Routing Protocol Using ACO Algorithm in Urban Vehicular Networks. Sensors, 24.10.3390/s24092913 ↗
9. Xue, Q., Yang, Y., Yang, J., Tan, X., Sun, J., Li, G., and Chen, Y. (2023). QEHLR: A Q-Learning Empowered Highly Dynamic and Latency-Aware Routing Algorithm for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks. Drones, 7.10.3390/drones7070459 ↗
10. Ali, M., Qureshi, K.N., Newe, T., Aman, K., Ibrahim, A.O., Almujaly, M., and Nagmeldin, W. (2023). Decision-Based Routing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Internet of Things Networks. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13042131 ↗
11. Chen, H., Luo, F., Zhou, J., Chen, H., Luo, F., Zhou, J., and Dong, Y. (2024). Multi-Objective Optimized GPSR Intelligent Routing Protocol for UAV Clusters. Mathematics, 12.10.3390/math12172672 ↗
12. A Reliable Energy-Efficient Multi-Level Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Petri Nets10.3390/s110303381 ↗
13. Pedditi, R.B., and Debasis, K. (2023). Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for an IoT-Based WSN System to Detect Forest Fires. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13053026 ↗
14. Batool, R., Bibi, N., Alhazmi, S., and Muhammad, N. (2024). Secure Cooperative Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. Appl. Sci., 14.10.3390/app14125220 ↗
15. Razouqi, Q., Boushehri, A., Gaballa, M., Alsaleh, L., and Abbod, M. (2024). Extended Comparison and Performance Analysis for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Routing Protocols Based on Different Traffic Load Patterns and Performance Metrics. Electronics, 13.10.3390/electronics13142877 ↗
16. Khalil, A., and Zeddini, B. (2024). Cross-Layer Optimization for Enhanced IoT Connectivity: A Novel Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks. Future Internet, 16.10.20944/preprints202404.0342.v1 ↗
17. Alzahrani, A., Thomas, N., Alzahrani, A., and Thomas, N. (2024). Analysing the Performance of a Trust-Based AODV in the Presence of a Flooding Attack. Appl. Sci., 14.10.3390/app14072874 ↗
18. Kontsek, M., Segec, P., Moravcik, M., and Papan, J. (2019, January 21–22). Approaches and tools for network protocol modeling. Proceedings of the ICETA 2019—17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications, Proceedings, Stary Smokovec, Slovakia.10.1109/ICETA48886.2019.9040063 ↗
19. Niari, S., and Jahangir, A.H. (2013, January 26–28). Verification of OSPF vulnerabilities by colored Petri net. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, Aksaray, Turkey.10.1145/2523514.2523532 ↗
20. Wang, Z.J., Yang, J., Xie, G., and Zhou, M. (2003, January 9–11). OSPFv3 protocol simulation with colored Petri nets. Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings, 2003. ICCT 2003, Beijing, China.
21. Zaitsev, D.A. (2005, January 4–6). Verification of Protocol BGP via Decomposition of Petri Net Model into Functional Subnets. Proceedings of the Design, Analysis, and Simulation of Distributed Systems Symposium, San Diego, CA, USA.
22. Aly, S., and Mustafa, K. (2003). Protocol verification and analysis using Colored Petri Nets. Citeseer, DePaul University.
23. Bharti, V., Trivedi, M.C., and Kumar, S. (2013, January 27–29). Protocol modelling and validation using coloured petri nets. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, CICN 2013, Mathura, India.10.1109/CICN.2013.50 ↗
24. Li, D., Cui, Y., Xu, K., and Wu, J. (2005). Improvement of Multicast Routing Protocol Using Petri Nets, Springer.10.1007/11548706_67 ↗
25. Farooq, M.S., Idrees, M., Rehman, A.U., Khan, M.Z., Abunadi, I., Assam, M., Althobaiti, M.M., and Al-wesabi, F.N. (2022). Formal Modeling and Improvement in the Random Path Routing Network Scheme Using Colored Petri Nets. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12031426 ↗
26. Ibrahim, D., Sallam, E., Hussein, D., and Eltobely, T. (2014, January 9–11). Coloured petri net model for vector-based forwarding routing protocol. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing Technology and Information Management, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
27. Abderrazzak, Z., and Ahmed, E. (2015, January 2–4). Cloud SaaS using MDA approach on a multiview models generate a SaaS from a colored Petri Net using view PNML. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Cloud Computing Technologies and Applications, CloudTech 2015, Marrakech, Morocco.10.1109/CloudTech.2015.7336977 ↗
28. Chen, H., Zhou, C., Qin, Y., Vandenberg, A., Vasilakos, A.V., and Xiong, N. (December, January 30). Petri net modeling of the reconfigurable protocol stack for cloud computing control systems. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, CloudCom 2010, Indianapolis, IN, USA.10.1109/CloudCom.2010.81 ↗
29. He, Y., Liu, T., Zhong, H., and Xiong, Q. (2009, January 17–19). EA-CPNsim: A CPN-based simulation platform for Analysis and defense design of Internet end-systems targeted attacks. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology, FCST 2009, Shanghai, China.10.1109/FCST.2009.68 ↗
30. Fan, Y., Su, G., He, L., and Zhu, S. (2012, January 14–16). Study on a CPN-based auto-analysis tool for security protocols. Proceedings of the 2012 4th International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering, ISISE 2012, Shanghai, China.
31. Han, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Deng, X., Gu, Z., Zhang, X., Han, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., and Deng, X. (2023). Research on the Security of IPv6 Communication Based on Petri Net under IoT. Sensors, 23.10.3390/s23115192 ↗
32. Du, J., Tang, R., and Feng, T. (2022). Security Analysis and Improvement of Vehicle Ethernet SOME/IP Protocol. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22186792 ↗
33. Kontsek, M., Segec, P., Moravcik, M., and Uramova, J. (2018, January 15–16). A Survey of the EIGRP Standard and Following Open-Source Implementations. Proceedings of the ICETA 2018—16th IEEE International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications, Proceedings, Stary Smokovec, Slovakia.10.1109/ICETA.2018.8572146 ↗
34. Kontsek, M., and Segec, P. (2018, January 15–16). Testing of the Current Open-Source EIGRP Implementations. Proceedings of the ICETA 2018—16th IEEE International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications, Proceedings, Stary Smokovec, Slovakia.10.1109/ICETA.2018.8572112 ↗
35. Cisco Networking Academy (2014). Routing Protocols Companion Guide, Cisco Press.
36. Wallace, K. (2015). CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide, Cisco Press.
37. Kocharians, N., and Paluch, P. (2014). CCIE Routing and Switching v5.0 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Cisco Press. [5th ed.].
38. (2002). Information Technology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems—Intermediate System to Intermediate System Intra-Domain Routeing Information Exchange Protocol for Use in Conjunction with the Protocol for Providing the Connectionless-Mode Network Service (ISO 8473) (Standard No. ISO-IEC 10589:2002).
39. Callon, R. (1990). Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments, RFC Editor.10.17487/rfc1195 ↗
40. Expósito, J., Trujillo, V., and Gamess, E. (2010, January 7–13). Easy-EIGRP: A Didactic Application for Teaching and Learning of the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Proceedings of the 2010 Sixth International Conference on Networking and Services, Cancun, Mexico.10.1109/ICNS.2010.53 ↗
41. Loop-free routing using diffusing computations10.1109/90.222913 ↗
42. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J. (2016, January 4–8). Towards Loop-Free Forwarding of Anonymous Internet Datagrams That Enforce Provenance. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Washington, DC, USA.10.1109/GLOCOM.2016.7842346 ↗
43. Savage, D., Ng, J., Moore, S., Slice, D., Paluch, P., and White, R. (2016). Cisco’s Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), RFC Editor. Technical Report 7868.10.17487/RFC7868 ↗
44. Jensen, K., and Kristensen, L.M. (2009). Coloured Petri Nets: Modelling and Validation of Concurrent Systems, Springer.10.1007/b95112 ↗