MScope: A Reliable Battery for Functional Status Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis
Source abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that often leads to severe disability. Although exercise, particularly strength training, improves health outcomes in MS, no standardized, reliable tool exists for functional assessment to inform tailored exercise prescriptions and patients’ categorization. This study aimed to validate the reliability of the MScope battery, a comprehensive tool incorporating structural, functional, and neuromuscular assessments to objectively evaluate patients with MS. A reproducibility study was conducted with 40 MS patients who completed the MScope battery twice, 72 h apart. Tests included structural (muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris), functional (sit-to-stand, timed up-and-go, 10 m and six-minute walking test), and neuromuscular tests (isometric strength during the squat and leg extension exercises and handgrip strength). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman plots, and the coefficient of variation (CV) were used to evaluate intra- and inter-day reliability. The MScope battery showed high intra- and inter-day reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.79 to 0.99. Muscle thickness measurements, along with handgrip strength, demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC > 0.9, CV < 5%). Functional tests, including the timed up-and-go, 10 m walk, and sit-to-stand variations, maintained consistent scores (ICC > 0.85, CV < 10%). The six-minute walking test exhibited excellent inter-day reliability (ICC = 0.94, CV < 4%). Neuromuscular assessments showed strong reliability with minor day-to-day variability (ICC = 0.75–0.95, CV < 8%). The battery’s overall consistency supports its use as a reliable tool for assessing functional status in MS patients.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies · Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies · Viral Infections and Immunology Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
i+HeALTH, Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47001 Valladolid, Spain
Funding
Miguel de Cervantes European University, Department of Health Sciences, i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group · Ministry of Education of Spain
References (54)
Show source-provided references
1. Multiple Sclerosis10.1056/NEJMra1401483 ↗
2. How Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Acquire Disability10.1093/brain/awac016 ↗
3. Meta-Analytic and Scoping Study on Strength Training in People With Multiple Sclerosis10.1519/JSC.0000000000002381 ↗
4. Changes in the Risk of Reaching Multiple Sclerosis Disability Milestones In Recent Decades: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Sweden10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0330 ↗
5. Exercise in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30281-8 ↗
6. Effects of Exercise Training on Fitness, Mobility, Fatigue, and Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review to Inform Guideline Development10.1016/j.apmr.2013.04.020 ↗
7. Muscle Fiber Size Increases Following Resistance Training in Multiple Sclerosis10.1177/1352458510377222 ↗
8. Beyond Clinical Changes: Rehabilitation-Induced Neuroplasticity in MS10.1177/1352458519846096 ↗
9. Maroto-Izquierdo, S., Mulero, P., Menéndez, H., Pinto-Fraga, J., Lista, S., Santos-Lozano, A., and Téllez, N. (2024). Pumping up the Fight against Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Functional Capacity, Muscle Mass, and Axonal Damage. Healthcare, 12.10.3390/healthcare12080837 ↗
10. Effect of Resistance Exercise Training on Plasma Neurofilaments in Multiple Sclerosis: A Proof of Concept for Future Designs10.1007/s10072-023-06896-5 ↗
11. Effects of Rhythmic Aerobic Exercise plus Core Stability Training on Serum Omentin, Chemerin and Vaspin Levels and Insulin Resistance of Overweight Women
12. Neuromuscular Adaptations to Long-Term Progressive Resistance Training Translates to Improved Functional Capacity for People with Multiple Sclerosis and Is Maintained at Follow-Up10.1177/1352458514549402 ↗
13. Fast-Velocity Resistance Training Improves Force Development and Mobility in Multiple Sclerosis10.1055/a-1710-1492 ↗
14. Resistance Training Improves Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity in Multiple Sclerosis10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bf98b4 ↗
15. Aerobic Intensity and Pacing Pattern during the Six-Minute Walk Test in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis10.2340/16501977-1231 ↗
16. Validity and Variability of the 5-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis10.3109/09638288.2012.683479 ↗
17. How Do Resistance Training and Balance and Motor Control Training Affect Gait Performance and Fatigue Impact in People with Multiple Sclerosis? A Randomized Controlled Multi-Center Study10.1177/1352458519865740 ↗
18. Validity of the Timed Up and Go Test as a Measure of Functional Mobility in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis10.1016/j.apmr.2015.12.031 ↗
19. Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test Performance in Parkinson’s Disease10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.008 ↗
20. Reliability of the Five Times Sit to Stand Test Performed Remotely by Multiple Sclerosis Patients10.1016/j.msard.2023.104654 ↗
21. 5-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test in Subjects with Chronic Stroke: Reliability and Validity10.1016/j.apmr.2009.10.030 ↗
22. Effect of Combined Exercise Training on Pentraxins and Pro- Inflammatory Cytokines in People with Multiple Sclerosis as a Function of Disability Status10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155196 ↗
23. Disability Status and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis: Non-Linearity of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)10.1186/1477-7525-8-55 ↗
24. Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: 2017 Revisions of the McDonald Criteria10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2 ↗
25. Methodological Issues Related to Thickness-Based Muscle Size Evaluation10.2114/jpa2.30.169 ↗
26. Muscle Thickness Correlates to Muscle Cross-sectional Area in the Assessment of Strength Training-induced Hypertrophy10.1111/sms.12961 ↗
27. Further Construct Validity of the Timed Up-and-Go Test as a Measure of Ambulation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04599-3 ↗
28. The Sit-to-Stand Muscle Power Test: An Easy, Inexpensive and Portable Procedure to Assess Muscle Power in Older People10.1016/j.exger.2018.08.006 ↗
29. Measurement of Sit-to-Stand Among Older Adults10.1097/TGR.0b013e31823415fa ↗
30. Courel-Ibáñez, J., Hernández-Belmonte, A., Cava-Martínez, A., and Pallarés, J.G. (2020). Familiarization and Reliability of the Isometric Knee Extension Test for Rapid Force Production Assessment. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10134499 ↗
31. Hand Grip Fatigability in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis According to Hand Dominance and Disease Progression10.2340/16501977-1897 ↗
32. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012 ↗
33. Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278 ↗
34. Reliability and Clinical Significance of Mobility and Balance Assessments in Multiple Sclerosis10.1097/MRR.0b013e328350b65f ↗
35. Clinical Relevance Using Timed Walk Tests and “timed up and Go” Testing in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis10.1002/pri.358 ↗
36. Ayvat, F., Ayvat, E., Doğan, M., Onursal Kılınç, Ö., and Kılınç, M. (2024). Can Timed Up and Go Test Discriminate the Risk of Falling in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis with Low to Moderate Impairment?. Disabil. Rehabil., 1–6.10.1080/09638288.2024.2419445 ↗
37. Polidori, A., Malagoli, M., Giacalone, R., Brichetto, G., Monti Bragadin, M., and Prada, V. (2024). 30-Second Chair Stand and 5-Times Sit-to-Stand Tests Are Interesting Tools for Assessing Disability and Ability to Ambulate among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Life, 14.10.3390/life14060703 ↗
38. The Clinical Meaning of Walking Speed as Measured by the Timed 25-Foot Walk in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1895 ↗
39. The Timed 25-Foot Walk in a Large Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis Patients10.1177/13524585211017013 ↗
40. Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for the 10-Meter Walk Test in Older Adults With Parkinson’s Disease10.1519/JPT.0000000000000068 ↗
41. Assessing the Reliability and Validity of a Shorter Walk Test Compared With the 10-Meter Walk Test for Measurements of Gait Speed in Healthy, Older Adults10.1519/JPT.0b013e318248e20d ↗
42. Reliability of Physical Functioning Measures in Ambulatory Subjects with MS10.1002/pri.30 ↗
43. Reliability of Four Functional Tests and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis10.3138/ptc.58.3.212 ↗
44. Manifestations of Walking Fatigability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Based on Gait Quality and Distance Walked during the Six Minutes Walking Test10.1016/j.msard.2024.105909 ↗
45. Portilla-Cueto, K., Medina-Pérez, C., Romero-Pérez, E.M., Hernández-Murúa, J.A., Vila-Chã, C., and De Paz, J.A. (2022). Reliability of Isometric Muscle Strength Measurement and Its Accuracy Prediction of Maximal Dynamic Force in People with Multiple Sclerosis. Medicina, 58.10.3390/medicina58070948 ↗
46. Reliability and Validity of Two Isometric Squat Tests
47. Reliability of a Handgrip Test for Evaluating Heart Rate and Pressor Responses in Multiple Sclerosis10.1097/00005768-199808000-00018 ↗
48. What Are the Association Patterns between Handgrip Strength and Adverse Health Conditions? A Topical Review10.1177/2050312120910358 ↗
49. Mañago, M.M., Kline, P.W., Harris-Love, M.O., and Christiansen, C.L. (2021). The Validity of the Single-Leg Heel Raise Test in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front. Neurol., 12.10.3389/fneur.2021.650297 ↗
50. Unilateral and Bilateral Upper Limb Dysfunction at Body Functions, Activity and Participation Levels in People with Multiple Sclerosis10.1177/1352458514567553 ↗
51. Sarcopenia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis10.1016/j.msard.2021.103471 ↗
52. Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Ultrasound for Sarcopenia Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis10.1002/jcsm.13149 ↗
53. The Reliability and Validity of Ultrasound to Quantify Muscles in Older Adults: A Systematic Review10.1002/jcsm.12210 ↗
54. Lesinski, M., Bashford, G., Markov, A., Risch, L., and Cassel, M. (2024). Reliability of Assessing Skeletal Muscle Architecture and Tissue Organization of the Gastrocnemius Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Muscle Using Ultrasound and Spatial Frequency Analysis. Front. Sports Act. Living, 6.10.3389/fspor.2024.1282031 ↗