journal article·2024-11-09Open access

Application of the Gait Kinematics Index in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Katarzyna Jochymczyk-Woźniak, Karolina Wawak, Robert Michnik, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec

Applied Sciences· Volume 14· Issue 22

Abstract

Due to the complexity of the medical issues connected with cerebral palsy (CP), the classification of gait pathologies seems rather difficult. The aim of this study was to asses the usefulness of the Gait Kinematics Index (GKI) from a clinical point of view in the population of patients with CP. The assessment of the possibilities of using the GKI in a group of patients with CP was conducted on the basis of the correlation of its results with the Gillette Gait Index (GGI) and Gait Deviation Index (GDI) values. The distribution of the index values was also evaluated with attention paid to the CP types and treatment methods. Analyses were performed on the basis of the gait test results in a group of 56 healthy children and 72 patients with CP. The GKI values for patients with CP were 1.55 ± 0.66, as opposed to 0.77 ± 0.17 for the reference group. A strong linear correlation was found between the values of the GKI and GGI (r = 0.8 ÷ 0.85), as well as between the GKI and GDI (r = −0.89 ÷ 0.9), obtained in children with CP. In addition, significant differences were found between the results obtained in all the groups of children with CP divided by treatment method (rehabilitation, botulinum, rhizotomy, p < 0.05), whereas in the groups of children divided by CP type, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found solely between diplegia and hemiplegia and between hemiplegia and quadriplegia. The results obtained were the same in the case of the GKI, GGI and GDI. To conclude, the results presented in this work confirm the clinical utility of the GKI in the population of patients with CP.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders · Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery · Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Biomechatronics, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland

Students’ Scientific Circle “Biokreatywni”, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland

Funding

European Funds for Silesia 2021–2027 Program

References (34)

Show source-provided references
1. Cerebral palsy10.1038/nrdp.2015.82 ↗
2. An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis10.1111/dmcn.12080 ↗
3. Cerebral palsy update
5. Unilateral cerebral palsy: A population-based study of gait and motor function10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03878.x ↗
6. Gait classification in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.01.003 ↗
7. Prevalence of specific gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy: Influence of cerebral palsy subtype, age, and previous surgery
8. The Child with Cerebral Palsy: Diagnosis and Beyond10.1016/j.spen.2006.09.009 ↗
9. Intrathecal baclofen therapy in children10.3171/foc.2006.21.2.4 ↗
10. Long-term functional benefits of selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy10.3171/2013.4.PEDS12539 ↗
11. Changes in gait at 1 year post-selective dorsal rhizotomy: Results of a prospective randomized study10.1097/01241398-200007000-00014 ↗
12. Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy: A randomised controlled trial10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.04.013 ↗
13. Surgical techniques of selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy10.3171/foc.2006.21.2.8 ↗
14. Selection of treatment modalities in children with spastic cerebral palsy10.3171/foc.2006.21.2.5 ↗
15. Short- and long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy on gross motor function in ambulatory children with spastic diplegia10.3171/2011.2.PEDS10452 ↗
16. Tsitlakidis, S., Horsch, A., Schaefer, F., Westhauser, F., Goetze, M., Hagmann, S., and Klotz, M.C.M. (2019). Gait Classification in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. J. Clin. Med., 8.10.3390/jcm8101652 ↗
17. Tsitlakidis, S., Schwarze, M., Westhauser, F., Heubisch, K., Horsch, A., Hagmann, S., Wolf, S.I., and Götze, M. (2020). Gait Indices for Characterization of Patients with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. J. Clin. Med., 9.10.3390/jcm9123888 ↗
18. Concurrent Validity of Two Gait Performance Measures in Children with Neuromotor Disorders10.1080/01942638.2017.1420003 ↗
19. The gait variability index: A new way to quantify fluctuation magnitude of spatiotemporal parameters during gait10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.01.013 ↗
20. Lessons from Use of Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI): Where Do We Go From Here?10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181cbfbf6 ↗
21. Rutkowska-Kucharska, A., Kowal, M., and Winiarski, S. (2018). Relationship between asymmetry of gait and muscle torque in patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation. Appl. Bionics Biomech., 2018.10.1155/2018/5190816 ↗
22. Gait Kinematics Index, Global Symmetry Index and Gait Deviations Profile: Concept of a new comprehensive method of gait pathology evaluation
23. An index for quantifying deviations from normal gait10.1016/S0966-6362(99)00047-8 ↗
24. The gait deviation index: A new comprehensive index of gait pathology10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.05.001 ↗
25. Application of the Gillette Gait Index, Gait Deviation Index and Gait Profile Score to multiple clinical pediatric populations10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.01.005 ↗
26. Further evidence of validity of the Gait Deviation Index10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.01.025 ↗
27. The gait profile score and movement analysis profile10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.05.020 ↗
28. Gzik, M., Tkacz, E., Paszenda, Z., and Piętka, E. (2018). Assessment of locomotor functions of patients suffering from cerebral palsy qualified to treat by different methods. Innovations in Biomedical Engineering. IBE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-70063-2 ↗
29. Vaughan, C.L., Davis, B.L., and O’Connor, J.C. (1999). Dynamics of Human Gait, Kiboho Publishers.
30. Comparison of the optoelectronic BTS Smart system and IMU-based MyoMotion system for the assessment of gait variables10.37190/ABB-01992-2021-02 ↗
31. Piętka, E., Badura, P., Kawa, J., and Wieclawek, W. (2016). Application of Gait Index Assessment to Monitor the Treatment Progress in Patients with Cerebral Palsy. Information Technologies in Medicine. “ITiB 2016. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing”, Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-39796-2 ↗
32. Gillette Gait Index in adults10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.05.015 ↗
33. Intersite variations of the Gillette Gait Index10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.03.002 ↗
34. The Upper Limb Motion Deviation Index: A new comprehensive index of upper limb motion pathology