Design-Dependent Electrophysiological Effects of Electrolysis Electrodes Used for Endodontic Disinfection
Source abstract
Abstract
Electrochemical disinfection in dentistry using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes bears the potential risk of disturbing vital functions. Applying different arrays of BDD electrodes and an electrotome as reference, it was the goal of this animal study to compare their effects on an electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). Following the trepanation of teeth in rats, the electrodes and electrotome were applied in a randomized manner while recording ECoG and ECG. The recordings were classified according to an electrophysiological significance score based on involvement, extent of disruption and duration. The scores obtained were compared by means of ANOVA followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (α = 0.05). Voltage type and electrode design had a significant influence on the detectable electrophysiological effects. The results seen with BDD electrodes ranged from no detectable electrophysiological effects to a pronounced effect. The application of the electrotome induced the most pronounced effects. Given that electrotomes are safe medical devices, despite evoking greater disturbance compared to BDD electrodes, regardless of their design, electrochemical disinfection may be considered a safe procedure.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Anesthesia and Sedative Agents · Neuroscience and Neural Engineering · Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
Department of Prosthodontics, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. Böhm, A.L., Koch, M., Rosiwal, S., Burkovski, A., Karl, M., and Grobecker-Karl, T. (2019). Electrochemical Disinfection of Experimentally Infected Teeth by Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Treatment. J. Clin. Med., 8.10.3390/jcm8122037 ↗
2. Koch, M., Palarie, V., Koch, L., Burkovski, A., Zulla, M., Rosiwal, S., and Karl, M. (2022). Preclinical Testing of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Root Canal Disinfection-A Series of Preliminary Studies. Microorganisms, 10.10.3390/microorganisms10040782 ↗
3. Electrochemical preparation and treatment of the root canals using depotphoresis materials as galvanic post elements
4. Simulation studies on depot iontophoresis
5. New developments in depot inotophoresis of copper compounds
6. Preparation of not completely accessible root canals by means of depot iontophoresis with an exterior iontrophoresis device
7. Kiefer, G. (2010). VDE0100 und Die Praxis, B. G. Teubner Verlag. [13th ed.].
8. DIN e.V. (Hrsg.) (2018). Teil 4.41—Schutzmaßnahmen—Schutz Gegen Elektrischen Schlag, VDE Verlag.
9. (2022). Medical Electrical Equipment—Part 1: General Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance (IEC 60601-1:2005 + Cor1:2006 + Cor2:2007 + A1:2012 + A1:2012/Cor1:2014 + A2:2020); German Version EN 60601-1:2006 + Cor.:2010 + A1:2013 + AC:2014 + A1:2013/AC:2014 + A12:2014 + A2:2021. (Standard No. DIN EN 60601-1:2022-11).
10. Biegelmeier, G., Kieback, D., Kiefer, G., and Krefter, K.-H. (2003). Schutz in Elektrischen Anlagen Band 1: Gefahren Durch Den Elektrischen Strom, VDE Verlag. [2nd ed.].
11. Dössel, O. (2000). Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin, Springer. [1st ed.].10.1007/978-3-662-06046-9 ↗
12. Electromagnetic interference effect of dental equipment on cardiac implantable electrical devices: A systematic review10.1111/pace.14051 ↗
13. Electromagnetic interference of dental equipment with implantable cardioverter defibrillators10.1080/00016357.2017.1364419 ↗
14. Effect of electrically powered dental devices on cardiac parameter function in humans
15. Risk of electromagnetic interference induced by dental equipment on cardiac implantable electrical devices10.1111/eos.12313 ↗
16. Impact of dental devices on cochlear implants10.1097/00004770-200201000-00010 ↗
17. The impact of dental devices on neurostimulators10.1016/j.joen.2008.12.005 ↗
18. Evaluation of Interference of Cellular Phones on Electronic Apex Locators: An In Vitro Study10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.027 ↗
19. Interference of electronic apex locators with implantable cardioverter defibrillators10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.027 ↗
20. Evaluating the effects of different dental devices on implantable cardioverter defibrillators10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.011 ↗
21. Can dental equipment interfere with correct functioning of an ICD?10.5177/ntvt.2022.02.21103 ↗
22. Do ultrasonic dental scalers interfere with implantable cardioverter defibrillators? An in vivo investigation10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.006 ↗
23. Safety of electronic apex locators and pulp testers in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter/defibrillators10.1016/j.joen.2006.03.005 ↗
24. Effect of electronic apex locators on cardiac pacemaker function10.1097/00004770-200212000-00009 ↗
25. The effects of six electronic apex locators on pacemaker function: An in vitro study10.1111/iej.12000 ↗
26. In-vivo compatibility between pacemakers and dental equipment10.1111/eos.12534 ↗
27. Use of an electronic apex locator on a cardiac pacemaker patient10.1016/S0099-2399(96)80097-5 ↗
28. Interference of apex locator, pulp tester and diathermy on pacemaker function10.4103/0972-0707.148868 ↗
29. Mapping the body representation in the SI cortex of anesthetized and awake rats10.1002/cne.902290206 ↗
30. Reduced ambient temperature exacerbates SIRS-induced cardiac autonomic dysregulation and myocardial dysfunction in mice10.1007/s00395-019-0734-1 ↗
31. Application of Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes for Dental Treatment with Pinpoint Ozone-Water Production10.1002/cphc.201200845 ↗
32. Initiation of spreading depression can be blocked by transcortical polarization of rat cerebral cortex10.3109/00207459608986703 ↗
33. Transcortical polarization in rat inhibits spreading depression10.3109/00207459408986298 ↗
34. Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M.T., Baker, M., Browne, W.J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I.C., and Dirnagl, U. (2020). The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol., 18.10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410 ↗
35. General anaesthesia: From molecular targets to neuronal pathways of sleep and arousal10.1038/nrn2372 ↗
36. Detecting the signature of reticulothalamocortical communication in cerebrocortical electrical activity10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.071 ↗
37. Resistance of brain glucose metabolism to thiopental-induced CNS depression in newborn piglets10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.12.008 ↗
38. Effects of ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane on rat brain glucose metabolism measured by (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography10.1111/ejn.14252 ↗
39. Anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia following experimental surgery in laboratory rodents: Are we making progress?10.1177/026119290503300207 ↗
40. Safety and efficacy of various combinations of injectable anesthetics in BALB/c mice
41. A new type of plasma knife and its effect on biological issues-a pilot study
42. Comparison of the safety of electrotome, Harmonic scalpel, and LigaSure for management of thyroid surgery10.1002/hed.24701 ↗
43. Ratka, C., Weigl, P., Henrich, D., Koch, F., Schlee, M., and Zipprich, H. (2019). The Effect of In Vitro Electrolytic Cleaning on Biofilm-Contaminated Implant Surfaces. J. Clin. Med., 8.10.3390/jcm8091397 ↗