Ionization of Xenon Clusters by a Hard X-ray Laser Pulse
Source abstract
Abstract
Ultrashort pulse X-ray free electron lasers (XFFLs) provided us with an unprecedented regime of X-ray intensities, revolutionizing ultrafast structure determination and paving the way to the novel field of non-linear X-ray optics. While pioneering studies revealed the formation of a nanoplasma following the interaction of an XFEL pulse with nanometer-scale matter, nanoplasma formation and disintegration processes are not completely understood, and the behavior of trapped electrons in the electrostatic potential of highly charged species is yet to be decrypted. Here we report the behavior of the nanoplasma created by a hard X-ray pulse interacting with xenon clusters by using electron and ion spectroscopy. To obtain a deep insight into the formation and disintegration of XFEL-ignited nanoplasma, we studied the XFEL-intensity and cluster-size dependencies of the ionization dynamics. We also present the time-resolved data obtained by a near-infrared (NIR) probe pulse in order to experimentally track the time evolution of plasma electrons distributed in the XFEL-ignited nanoplasma. We observed an unexpected time delay dependence of the ion yield enhancement due to the NIR pulse heating, which demonstrates that the plasma electrons within the XFEL-ignited nanoplasma are inhomogeneously distributed in space.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques · Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications · Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo 679-5148, Japan
Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des Merisiers Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo 679-5198, Japan
Funding
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT) · Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) · MEXT KAKENHI · National Nature Science Foundation of China · Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment, and Materials · Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices · JSPS KAKENHI
References (79)
Show source-provided references
1. Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window10.1038/nphoton.2007.76 ↗
2. First lasing and operation of an Ångstrom-wavelength free-electron laser10.1038/nphoton.2010.176 ↗
3. A compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-Ångström region10.1038/nphoton.2012.141 ↗
4. Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography10.1038/nature09750 ↗
5. Single mimivirus particles intercepted and imaged with an X-ray laser10.1038/nature09748 ↗
6. Natively inhibited Trypanosoma brucei cathepsin B structure determined by using an X-ray laser10.1126/science.1229663 ↗
7. Tracking excited-state charge and spin dynamics in iron coordination complexes10.1038/nature13252 ↗
8. Orbital-specific mapping of the ligand exchange dynamics of Fe(CO)5 in solution10.1038/nature14296 ↗
9. Observation of the fastest chemical processes in the radiolysis of water10.1126/science.aaz4740 ↗
10. Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter10.1126/science.1239566 ↗
11. Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.510.1038/nature13875 ↗
12. Direct observation of bond formation in solution with femtosecond X-ray scattering10.1038/nature14163 ↗
13. Method to enhance the resolution of x-ray coherent diffraction imaging for non-crystalline bio-samples10.1088/1367-2630/16/3/033016 ↗
14. Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays10.1038/nature09177 ↗
15. Ultra-efficient ionization of heavy atoms by intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses10.1038/nphoton.2012.261 ↗
16. Deep Inner-Shell Multiphoton Ionization by Intense X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Pulses10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.173005 ↗
17. Ultraintense X-Ray Induced Ionization, Dissociation, and Frustrated Absorption in Molecular Nitrogen10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.253002 ↗
18. Auger Electron Angular Distribution of Double Core-Hole States in the Molecular Reference Frame10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.083004 ↗
19. Ultrafast Charge Rearrangement and Nuclear Dynamics upon Inner-Shell Multiple Ionization of Small Polyatomic Molecules10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.053003 ↗
20. Charge and Nuclear Dynamics Induced by Deep Inner-Shell Multiphoton Ionization of CH3I Molecules by Intense X-ray Free-Electron Laser Pulses10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01205 ↗
21. Ultrafast Dynamics of a Nucleobase Analogue Illuminated by a Short Intense X-ray Free Electron Laser Pulse
22. Ultrafast Coulomb explosion of a diiodomethane molecule induced by an X-ray free-electron laser pulse10.1039/C7CP01669G ↗
23. Femtosecond response of polyatomic molecules to ultra-intense hard X-rays10.1038/nature22373 ↗
24. Explosions of xenon clusters in ultraintense femtosecond X-ray pulses from the LCLS free electron laser10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.133401 ↗
25. Nanoplasma dynamics of single large xenon clusters irradiated with superintense X-ray pulses from the linac coherent light source free-electron laser10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.245005 ↗
26. Nanoplasma Formation by High Intensity Hard X-rays10.1038/srep10977 ↗
27. Soft x-ray induced femtosecond solid-to-solid phase transition10.1016/j.hedp.2017.06.001 ↗
28. Biomolecular imaging and electronic damage using X-ray free-electron lasers10.1038/nphys1859 ↗
29. Limitations of coherent diffractive imaging of single objects due to their damage by intense x-ray radiation10.1088/1367-2630/14/11/115015 ↗
30. Radiation-Induced Chemical Dynamics in Ar Clusters Exposed to Strong X-Ray Pulses10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.223201 ↗
31. Suppression of thermal nanoplasma emission in clusters strongly ionized by hard x-rays10.1088/1361-6455/abd878 ↗
32. Femtosecond time-resolved studies of the dynamics of noble-gas cluster explosions10.1103/PhysRevA.59.R3166 ↗
33. Observation of correlated electronic decay in expanding clusters triggered by near-infrared fields10.1038/ncomms9596 ↗
34. Ionization Avalanching in Clusters Ignited by Extreme-Ultraviolet Driven Seed Electrons10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.033001 ↗
35. Surface plasma resonance in Xe clusters studied by EUV pump-NIR probe experiments10.1088/2399-6528/abdafa ↗
36. Following the Birth of a Nanoplasma Produced by an Ultrashort Hard-X-Ray Laser in Xenon Clusters
37. Real-time observation of disintegration processes within argon clusters ionized by a hard-x-ray pulse of moderate fluence10.1103/PhysRevA.101.023412 ↗
38. Interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic clusters10.1103/PhysRevA.53.3379 ↗
39. Surface-plasma resonance in small rare-gas clusters by mixing ir and vuv laser pulses10.1103/PhysRevA.71.031401 ↗
40. Improved Mie scattering algorithms10.1364/AO.19.001505 ↗
41. Compact XFEL and AMO sciences: SACLA and SCSS10.1088/0953-4075/46/16/164001 ↗
42. Determination of the Pulse Duration of an X-Ray Free Electron Laser Using Highly Resolved Single-Shot Spectra10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.144801 ↗
43. Focusing of X-ray free-electron laser pulses with reflective optics10.1038/nphoton.2012.306 ↗
44. Single-shot beam-position monitor for x-ray free electron laser10.1063/1.3549133 ↗
45. Pulse energy measurement at the hard x-ray laser in Japan10.1063/1.4733354 ↗
46. Nucleation and growth of clusters in expanding nozzle flows10.1016/0039-6028(81)90187-4 ↗
47. A beam branching method for timing and spectral characterization of hard X-ray free-electron lasers10.1063/1.4939655 ↗
48. Advances in instrumentation for gas-phase spectroscopy and diffraction with short-wavelength free electron lasers10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.017 ↗
49. Scofield, J.H. (1973). Theoretical Photoionization Cross Sections from 1 to 1500 keV, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Report UCRL–51326.10.2172/4545040 ↗
50. X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50–30,000 eV, Z = 1–9210.1006/adnd.1993.1013 ↗
51. Direct Hartree-Fock calculation of multiple Xe i+ ion production through inner shell vacancy de-excitations10.1088/0953-4075/27/9/011 ↗
52. Low-energy Auger spectra of xenon emitted by vacancy cascades following inner-shell ionizations10.1088/0953-4075/29/16/008 ↗
53. Multiple photoionisation of Xe atoms between 4.1 and 8.0 keV: Mean charge of Xe ions10.1088/0022-3700/20/2/001 ↗
54. Calculation of electron-impact total-ionization cross sections10.1103/PhysRevA.66.012707 ↗
55. Electron spectroscopy of rare-gas clusters irradiated by x-ray free-electron laser pulses from SACLA10.1088/0953-4075/49/3/034004 ↗
56. The high resolution L2,3 MM M4,5 NN Auger Spectra Krypton M4,5 NN N4,5 OO Auger Spectra Xenon10.1088/0031-8949/6/2-3/008 ↗
57. Rare-gas clusters in intense extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a high-order harmonic source10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.073003 ↗
58. High-energy ions produced in explosions of superheated atomic clusters10.1038/386054a0 ↗
59. Multi-keV Electron Generation in the Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses with Xe Clusters10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3343 ↗
60. Explosion of atomic clusters heated by high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses10.1103/PhysRevA.57.369 ↗
61. Coulomb explosion of K-shell ionized krypton clusters studied by multiple-ion coincidence momentum imaging10.1063/1.2406076 ↗
62. Charge recombination in soft x-ray laser produced nanoplasmas10.1088/0953-4075/41/18/181001 ↗
63. Shell explosion and core expansion of xenon clusters irradiated with intense femtosecond soft x-ray pulses10.1088/0953-4075/42/13/134018 ↗
64. Charging and ion ejection dynamics of large helium nanodroplets exposed to intense femtosecond soft X-ray pulses10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00280-0 ↗
65. Mechanisms of cluster ionization in strong laser pulses10.1088/0953-4075/39/4/R01 ↗
66. Inhomogeneous charge redistribution in Xe clusters exposed to an intense extreme ultraviolet free electron laser10.1088/0953-4075/43/16/161001 ↗
67. Laser-driven nonlinear cluster dynamics10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1793 ↗
68. Dynamics of the Coulomb explosion of large clusters in a strong laser field10.1103/PhysRevA.62.013201 ↗
69. Different mechanisms of cluster explosion within a unified smooth particle hydrodynamics Thomas-Fermi approach: Optical and short-wavelength regimes compared10.1103/PhysRevA.71.043202 ↗
70. Femtosecond non-equilibrium dynamics of clusters irradiated with short intense VUV pulses10.1088/1367-2630/10/4/043003 ↗
71. Real-time fragmentation dynamics of clusters ionized by intense extreme-ultraviolet pulses10.1088/0953-4075/48/18/185101 ↗
72. Tracing Electron-Ion Recombination in Nanoplasmas Produced by Extreme-Ultraviolet Irradiation of Rare-Gas Clusters10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.253401 ↗
73. Spatially resolved dynamic structure factor of finite systems from molecular dynamics simulations10.1103/PhysRevE.84.036406 ↗
74. Electronic oscillations in ionized sodium nanoclusters10.1088/0953-4075/48/1/015401 ↗
75. Relaxation and collective excitations of cluster nano-plasmas10.1088/1361-6455/aa9786 ↗
76. Hydrodynamic model for expansion and collisional relaxation of x-ray laser-excited multi-component nanoplasma10.1063/1.4940787 ↗
77. Hydrodynamic model for picosecond propagation of laser-created nanoplasmas10.1016/j.hedp.2015.04.002 ↗
78. Energy Levels and Observed Spectral Lines of Xenon, XeI through XeLIV10.1063/1.1649348 ↗
79. Nonlinear High-frequency Plasma Conductivity