Digital Holographic Microscopy as Identifier of Ultrafine Particles Emitted during Fused Deposition Modelling
Source abstract
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has acquired a global industrial panorama for being an alternative to redirect the industry towards sustainability. However, previous studies have indicated that fused deposition modelling (FDM) techniques are potential sources of particles that are harmful to health. For this reason, this work is focused on exploring the behaviour and distribution of FDM resultant nanoparticles from the most commonly used printable materials through alternative methods as digital holographic microscopy (DHM). In this paper, we present the feasibility of using DHM to determine the presence of nanoparticles in the FDM process. Experimental results validate this technology’s precision and provide extensive knowledge about the implications of the FDM on health. The measure of the thin films deposited in glass substrates was between a minimum of 9 nm to a maximum of 200 nm, in agreement with the previous studies.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Digital Holography and Microscopy · Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Maestría en Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Politécnica de Guanajuato, Cortazar 38496, Mexico
Department of Biomechanics, Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Leon 37545, Mexico
Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Celaya, Celaya 38010, Mexico
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. A global sustainability perspective on 3D printing technologies10.1016/j.enpol.2014.08.033 ↗
2. Environment and Safety Impacts of Additive Manufacturing: A Review
3. Direct digital manufacturing: Definition, evolution, and sustainability implications10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.009 ↗
4. Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications and research needs10.1007/s11465-013-0248-8 ↗
5. Additive manufacturing and sustainability: An exploratory study of the advantages and challenges10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.150 ↗
6. Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: A literature review10.1007/s00170-012-4558-5 ↗
7. 3D Printing Disrupts Manufacturing: How Economies of One Create New Rules of Competition
8. 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution10.1016/j.bushor.2011.11.003 ↗
9. Additive layered manufacturing: Sectors of industrial application shown through case studies10.1080/00207540903479786 ↗
10. Kafle, A., Luis, E., Silwal, R., Pan, H.M., Shrestha, P.L., and Bastola, A.K. (2021). 3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA). Polymers, 13.10.3390/polym13183101 ↗
11. A short review on 3D printing methods, process parameters and materials10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.225 ↗
12. Effect of nozzle temperature on the emission rate of ultrafine particles during 3D printing10.1111/ina.12624 ↗
13. Ultrafine particle emissions from desktop 3D printers10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.050 ↗
14. Hinds, W.C. (1999). Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, John Wiley & Sons.
15. Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma10.1289/ehp.6851 ↗
16. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles10.1164/ajrccm.155.4.9105082 ↗
17. Ultrafine particles in urban air and respiratory health among adult asthmatics10.1183/09031936.01.17304280 ↗
18. Increased asthma medication use in association with ambient fine and ultrafine particles10.1183/09031936.02.01402001 ↗
19. Translocation of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles to the Brain10.1080/08958370490439597 ↗
20. Potential role of ultrafine particles in associations between airborne particle mass and cardiovascular health10.1289/ehp.7938 ↗
21. Exposure Assessment for Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles (UFPs) and Implications in Epidemiologic Research10.1289/ehp.7939 ↗
22. Daily mortality and particulate matter in different size classes in Erfurt, Germany10.1038/sj.jes.7500538 ↗
23. (2021, November 13). Al air liquide españa s.a. Ficha de Datos de Seguridad: Monóxido de Carbono. Available online: http://www.ebd.csic.es/lie/PDF/FDS%20CO%20(6).pdf.
24. UNAM (2021, November 13). Hoja de Seguridad XX Cianuro de Hidrógeno y Cianuros, UNAM. Available online: https://quimica.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/20cianuros.pdf.
25. (2021, November 13). Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, De Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. Available online: https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/calidad-y-evaluacion-ambiental/temas/atmosfera-y-calidad-del-aire/emisiones/act-emis/compuestos_organicos_volatiles.aspx.
26. 3D printer as a potential source of indoor air pollution10.1007/s13762-019-02444-x ↗
27. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy
28. Optoelectronic characterization of shape and deformation of MEMS accelerometers used in transportation applications10.1117/1.1566776 ↗
29. Measurement of the integral refractive index and dynamic cell morphometry of living cells with digital holographic microscopy10.1364/OPEX.13.009361 ↗
30. High topographical accuracy by optical shot noise reduction in digital holographic microscopy10.1364/JOSAA.29.000498 ↗
31. Digital Image Formation from Electronically Detected Holograms10.1063/1.1755043 ↗
32. Dual-plane slightly off-axis digital holography based on a single cube beam splitter10.1364/AO.57.002727 ↗
33. LED source interferometer for microscopic fringe projection profilometry using a Gates’ interferometer configuration10.1016/j.optlaseng.2021.106822 ↗
34. Goodman, J.W. (1996). Introduction to Fourier Optics, McGraw-Hill. [2nd ed.].
35. Total aberrations compensation in digital holographic microscopy with a reference conjugated hologram10.1364/OE.14.004300 ↗
36. Designing and manufacturing aspherical polystyrene lenses for the terahertz region10.15407/spqeo21.01.083 ↗
37. Ashby, M.F., Shercliff, H., and Cebon, D. (2018). Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and Design, Butterworth-Heinemann.
38. Far-infrared laser measurement of the refractive index of polypropylene10.1364/AO.42.000592 ↗
39. New thermoplastic poly (carbonate-urethane) s based on chain extenders with sulfur atoms10.1007/s11696-016-0112-5 ↗
40. BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites GmbH & Co. KG (2021, November 13). Differences in Structure: The Properties of Plastic Types. Available online: https://thermoplasticcomposites.de/en/2019/12/03/differences-in-structure-the-properties-of-plastic-types/.
41. Structural properties of self-organized semiconductor nanostructures10.1103/RevModPhys.76.725 ↗
42. Synthesis, structural, linear and nonlinear optical properties of chromium doped SnO2 thin films10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.10.189 ↗
43. Airborne emissions of carcinogens and respiratory sensitizers during thermal processing of plastics
44. (2021, November 13). Executive Health and Safety, Controlling Fume during Plastics Processing, Available online: https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/ppis13.pdf.