A Simplistic Downlink Channel Estimation Method for NB-IoT
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a downlink channel estimation method intended for a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) access link. Due to its low computational complexity, this method is well suited for energy-efficient IoT devices, still providing acceptable reception quality in terms of signal-to-noise (SNR) performance. This paper describes the physical layer of NB-IoT within the scope of channel estimation, and also reviews existing channel estimation methods for OFDM signals. The proposed method, based on linear interpolation of channel coefficients, is described as a three-step procedure. Next, indicators of channel quality assessment, which may be determined without prior knowledge about the transmitted signal, are defined. Two variants of channel estimation, differing in the frequency domain processing, are evaluated to assess the significance of frequency selectivity in an NB-IoT downlink. The chosen method is compared with another method implemented in MATLAB LTE ToolboxTM. An analysis of the computation time is conducted, subsequently demonstrating the definite advantage of the proposed method.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: IoT Networks and Protocols · Power Line Communications and Noise · Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
References (35)
Show source-provided references
1. Narrow Band Internet of Things10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2751586 ↗
2. Ratasuk, R., Mangalvedhe, N., Zhang, Y., Robert, M., and Koskinen, J.P. (November, January 31). Overview of narrowband IoT in LTE Rel-13. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), Berlin, Germany.10.1109/CSCN.2016.7785170 ↗
3. Beyene, Y.D., Jantti, R., Ruttik, K., and Iraji, S. (2017, January 19–22). On the performance of narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), San Francisco, CA, USA.10.1109/WCNC.2017.7925809 ↗
4. Joint estimation of channel response, frequency offset, and phase noise in OFDM10.1109/TSP.2006.879265 ↗
5. Septier, F., Delignon, Y., Menhaj-Rivenq, A., and Garnier, C. (2007, January 15–20). OFDM channel estimation in the presence of phase noise and frequency offset by particle filtering. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing-ICASSP’07, Honolulu, HI, USA.10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366529 ↗
6. Estimation of channel transfer function and carrier frequency offset for OFDM systems with phase noise10.1109/TVT.2009.2020066 ↗
7. Joint Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation for NB-IoT Systems
8. A tutorial on NB-IoT physical layer design10.1109/COMST.2020.3022751 ↗
9. A survey on 5G networks for the Internet of Things: Communication technologies and challenges10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2779844 ↗
10. Fattah, H. (2018). 5G LTE Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), CRC Press.10.1201/9780429455056 ↗
11. A primer on 3GPP narrowband Internet of Things10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600510CM ↗
12. 3GPP (2023, October 17). LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation. Technical Specification (TS) 36.211, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 2020. Version 14.14.0. Available online: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136200_136299/136211/14.14.00_60/ts_136211v141400p.pdf.
13. Zhang, S., Zeng, S., Ye, F., Tang, R., Wu, P., and Xia, M. (2020, January 25–28). An efficient downlink receiver design for NB-IoT. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Virtual Conference.10.1109/WCNC45663.2020.9120685 ↗
14. Van De Beek, J.J., Edfors, O., Sandell, M., Wilson, S.K., and Borjesson, P.O. (1995, January 25–28). On channel estimation in OFDM systems. Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conference. Countdown to the Wireless Twenty-First Century, Chicago, IL, USA.
15. Low complexity LMMSE channel estimation for OFDM10.1049/ip-com:20050026 ↗
16. OFDM channel estimation by singular value decomposition10.1109/26.701321 ↗
17. A comparison of pilot-aided channel estimation methods for OFDM systems10.1109/78.969514 ↗
18. Rana, M.M. (2010, January 23–25). Channel estimation techniques and LTE Terminal implementation challenges. Proceedings of the 2010 13th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), Dhaka, Bangladesh.10.1109/ICCITECHN.2010.5723916 ↗
19. Simko, M., Wu, D., Mehlführer, C., Eilert, J., and Liu, D. (2011, January 27–29). Implementation aspects of channel estimation for 3GPP LTE terminals. Proceedings of the 17th European Wireless 2011—Sustainable Wireless Technologies, Vienna, Austria.
20. Khlifi, A., and Bouallegue, R. (2011). Performance analysis of LS and LMMSE channel estimation techniques for LTE downlink systems. arXiv.10.5121/ijwmn.2011.3511 ↗
21. Song, H., Li, X., and Yu, Z. (2011, January 16–18). A complexity reduction approach for LTE downlink channel estimation. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications, Wuhan, China.10.1109/ITAP.2011.6006127 ↗
22. Wang, S., Hu, C., Peng, T., and Wang, W. (2012, January 9–11). A low complexity channel estimation approach of LTE downlink system. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on Communication Technology, Chengdu, China.
23. Rusek, F., and Hu, S. (2017, January 8–13). Sequential channel estimation in the presence of random phase noise in NB-IoT systems. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Montreal, QC, Canada.10.1109/PIMRC.2017.8292588 ↗
24. Ali, M.S., Jewel, M.K.H., and Lin, F. (2018, January 21–23). An efficient channel estimation technique in NB-IoT systems. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA), Beijing, China.10.1109/CICTA.2018.8706025 ↗
25. Jewel, M.K.H., Zakariyya, R.S., Famoriji, O.J., Ali, M.S., and Lin, F. (2019, January 19–22). A low complexity channel estimation technique for NB-IoT downlink system. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), Guangzhou, China.
26. Jewel, M.K.H., Zakariyya, R.S., and Lin, F. (2021). On channel estimation in LTE-based downlink narrowband Internet of Things systems. Electronics, 10.10.3390/electronics10111246 ↗
27. Jewel, M.K.H., Zakariyya, R.S., and Lin, F. (2020, January 20–23). A Pilot-based Hybrid and Reduced Complexity Channel Estimation Method for Downlink NB-IoT Systems. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), Shanghai, China.
28. 3GPP (2023, October 17). LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception. Technical Specification (TS) 36.101, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 2017. Version 14.3.0. Available online: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136100_136199/136101/14.03.00_60/ts_136101v140300p.pdf.
29. Measurement-Based Investigations of the NB-IoT Downlink Performance in Fading Channels10.1109/LWC.2021.3079728 ↗
30. Schlienz, J., and Raddino, D. (2016). Narrowband Internet of Things (White Paper), Rohde Schwarz. Available online: https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/us/applications/narrowband-internet-of-things-white-paper_230854-314242.html.
31. (2023, September 30). Rohde & Schwarz CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication Tester. Available online: https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/us/products/test-and-measurement/wireless-tester-network-emulator/rs-cmw500-wideband-radio-communication-tester_63493-10844.html.
32. Performance Analysis of 3GPP NB-IoT Downlink System towards 5G Machine Type Communication (5G-MTC)10.12720/jcm.16.8.355-362 ↗
33. (2023, September 30). MathWorks Documentation NB-IoT Cell Search and MIB Recovery. Available online: https://www.mathworks.com/help/lte/ug/nb-iot-cell-search-and-mib-recovery.html.
34. An analytical performance evaluation framework for NB-IoT10.1109/JIOT.2019.2915349 ↗
35. Won, J.W., and Ahn, J.M. (2020, January 21–23). NB-IoT Downlink Channel Estimation. Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), Jeju, Korea.10.1109/ICTC49870.2020.9289634 ↗