Using a Lossy Electrical Transmission Line Model for Optimizing Straw Phonation Configurations
Source abstract
Abstract
Straw phonation has a long history of being a successful vocal therapy technique. However, not much is known about the mechanics of phonation with a straw, nor the best combination of phoneme and straw dimensions to be used. A significant limitation in research thus far is the complexity of existing models and computation techniques to determine acoustic and aerodynamic values such as impedance. In this study, a new electrical circuit-based model of the vocal tract as a transmission line is evaluated and compared to established impedance calculation methods. Results indicate that the model is not complete yet, so several adjustments are suggested and discussed. In addition, straw phonation configurations are examined using previously developed models to determine which maximize impedance and power.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Voice and Speech Disorders · Speech Recognition and Synthesis · Speech and Audio Processing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
Funding
National Institute on Deafness and other Communicative Disorders
References (36)
Show source-provided references
1. The resonance tube method in voice therapy: Description and practical implementations10.1080/14015430701207790 ↗
2. A randomized controlled trial of two semi-occluded vocal tract voice therapy protocols10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-13-0231 ↗
3. The therapeutic effects of straw phonation on vocal fatigue10.1002/lary.28498 ↗
4. Air pressure and contact quotient measures during different semioccluded postures in subjects with different voice conditions10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.09.010 ↗
5. Effect of performance time of the semi-occluded vocal tract exercises in dysphonic children10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.05.011 ↗
6. Immediate effects of the phonation into a straw exercise10.1590/S1808-86942011000400009 ↗
7. Effects of a straw phonation protocol on acoustic measures of an satb chorus singing two contrasting renaissance works10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.12.008 ↗
8. The effects of phonation into glass, plastic, and laxvox tubes in singers: A systematic review10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.12.005 ↗
9. Guzman, M. (2017). Semioccluded Vocal Tract Exercises: A Physiologic Approach for Voice Training and Therapy. [Ph.D. Thesis, Tampere University].
10. Lingering effects of straw phonation exercises on aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic parameters10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.002 ↗
11. A hybrid time-frequency domain articulatory speech synthesizer10.1109/TASSP.1987.1165240 ↗
12. Acoustic impedance of an artificially lengthened and constricted vocal tract10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80003-X ↗
13. Measurement reliability of laryngeal resistance and mean flow rate in pediatric subjects10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.02.005 ↗
14. Gao, F., Zheng, Q., and Zheng, Y. (2014). Electrical circuit modeling and analysis of microwave acoustic interaction with biological tissues. Med. Phys., 41.10.1118/1.4871783 ↗
15. An oral pressure conversion ratio as a predictor of vocal efficiency10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.002 ↗
16. Vocal tract area functions from magnetic resonance imaging10.1121/1.415960 ↗
17. Flanagan, J. (1972). Speech Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception, Springer. [3rd ed.].10.1007/978-3-662-01562-9 ↗
18. Rosen, G. (1960). Dynamic Analog Speech Synthesizer. [Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology].
19. Wee, K.H. (2008). An Analog VLSI Vocal Tract. [Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology].
20. A vocal-tract model of american english /l/10.1121/1.1645248 ↗
21. Extension of the single-matrix formulation of the vocal tract: Consideration of bilateral channels and connection of self-oscillating models of the vocal folds with a glottal chink10.1016/j.specom.2016.06.002 ↗
22. Bansal, R. (2004). Handbook of Engineering Electromagnetics, Routledge. [1st ed.].10.1201/9780203026021 ↗
23. Measurement of Young’s modulus of vocal folds by indentation10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.09.005 ↗
24. Functional assessment of the vocal folds through biomechanical testing: A review10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.018 ↗
25. (2021, January 04). Digital Signal Processing Course. Available online: https://web.ece.ucsb.edu/Faculty/Rabiner/ece259/digital%20speech%20processing%20course/lectures_new/Lectures%205-6_fall_2010.pdf.
26. Effect of variations to a simulated system of straw phonation therapy n aerodynamic parameters using excised canine larynges10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.08.004 ↗
27. Validation and evaluation of the effects of semi-occluded face mask straw phonation therapy methods on aerodynamic parameters in comparison to traditional methods10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.04.009 ↗
28. The influence of water resistance therapy on vocal fold vibration: A high-speed digital imaging study10.1080/14015439.2016.1207097 ↗
29. Immediate effects of water resistance therapy on patients with vocal fold mass lesions10.1007/s00405-020-05887-y ↗
30. Aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic outcomes after tube phonation in water in elderly subjects10.1159/000492326 ↗
31. (2021, January 04). How Do We Hear?, Available online: https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/how-do-we-hear.
32. An analysis of the acoustic input impedance of the ear10.1007/s10162-013-0407-y ↗
33. Acoustical transmission-line model of the middle-ear cavities and mastoid air cells10.1121/1.4916200 ↗
34. Phonation threshold pressure: A missing link in glottal aerodynamics10.1121/1.402928 ↗
35. Titze, I.R. (1994). Principles of Voice Production, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
36. Effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water exercise program on the aging voice10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00124 ↗