Force Performance Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Assembled Ribbed-Slab Abutments

This study investigates the structural performance of assembled rib-plate bridge abutments (ARBAs) with two different connection methods: bull leg bolt and flange connections. In addition, we explored the bending and shear performance of the connection parts and related areas to assess the damage characteristics and modes of these ARBAs. Utilizing model testing, a numerical analysis was conducted to define the force performance of the ARBA, with reference to a cast-in-place rib-plate abutment. The research results indicate that the bearing capacity and deformation capacity of the cap part of the assembled ribbed slab abutment model with cow leg connections are lower than those of the cast-in-place structure. When the structure fails, a 45° diagonal crack develops from the cross-section at the mid-span joint to the connection between the rib slab and the cap, until the concrete protective layer at the joint is crushed, exhibiting a shear failure mode. The bearing capacity of the assembly rib plate type abutment cap connected by the flange plate is basically the same as that of the cast-in-place structure, and the deformation capacity is weaker than that of the cast-in-place rib plate type abutment. The expansion of structural cracks is consistent with that of the rib plate type abutment connected by the cow leg. When the flange plate at the mid span is damaged, the contact surface between the flange plate and the concrete is pried off, resulting in the inability of the structure to continue bearing, exhibiting a shear failure mode. Through numerical simulation, taking the stress performance of the integral cast-in-place ribbed slab abutment as a reference, the assembled ribbed slab abutment connected by the flange plate is basically consistent with the integral cast-in-place ribbed slab abutment in terms of ultimate load, concrete damage, and steel reinforcement skeleton stress, and the connection device has not yet reached the yield state. The ultimate displacement is slightly weaker than that of the integral cast-in-place ribbed slab abutment. By comparison, it can be seen that the ultimate bearing capacity of the assembled ribbed slab abutment connected by the flange is basically the same as that of the cast-in-place ribbed slab abutment, and the stress performance can reach an “equivalent cast-in-place”, making it the preferred solution for the assembled abutment structure. The finite element parameter analysis of the flanged ARBA revealed that the thickness of the stiffening ribs, the number of bolts, and length of the flange plate anchoring steel plate were proportional to the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the prefabricated ARBA. In the case of no change in the structural damage mode, considering the economic benefits and load-bearing capacity of the structure, the following parameter combinations of the flanged ARBA are recommended: a thickness of 30 mm of the stiffening ribs, the number of bolts is 12, and a length of 50 cm of the length of flange plate anchoring steel plate.