FLINT: Flows for the Internet of Things
Source abstract
Abstract
New protocols and technologies are continuously competing in the Internet of Things. This has resulted in a fragmented landscape that complicates the integration of different solutions. Standardization efforts try to avoid this problem, however within a certain ecosystem, multiple standards still require integration to enable trans-sector innovation. Moreover, existing devices require transformations to fit in an ecosystem. In this paper, we discuss several integration problems in the field of Low Power Wide Area Networks in the context of the Port of the Future and propose a new distributed platform architecture, called FLINT. FLINT is a framework to program flexible and configurable flows on a per device basis. A flow is constructed from fine-grained components, called adapters. Due to the modularity of an adapter, users can easily integrate existing software. We evaluated FLINT based on five levels of interoperability and show that FLINT can be used to interconnect non-interoperable systems and protocols on every level. We have also implemented FLINT in a container based environment and demonstrated that a basic configuration has a 99% forwarding rate of 17.500 513-byte packets per second, showing that the architecture can deliver good performance.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing · IoT Networks and Protocols · Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
IDLab—Department of Applied Engineering, University of Ghent—Imec, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
IDLab—Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp—Imec, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
Funding
European Union
References (32)
Show source-provided references
1. Amazon (2021, July 13). AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN. Available online: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/iot/latest/developerguide/connect-iot-lorawan.html.
2. Technologies, K. (2021, July 13). Kaa Enterprise IoT Platform. Available online: https://www.kaaiot.com.
3. Mathworks Inc (2021, July 13). ThingSpeak Internet of Things. Available online: https://www.thingspeak.com.
4. Interoperability in Internet of Things: Taxonomies and Open Challenges10.1007/s11036-018-1089-9 ↗
5. Internet of things for smart ports: Technologies and challenges10.1109/MIM.2018.8278808 ↗
6. Inkinen, T., Helminen, R., and Saarikoski, J. (2019). Port Digitalization with Open Data: Challenges, Opportunities, and Integrations. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., 5.10.3390/joitmc5020030 ↗
7. Flexible Multimodal Sub-Gigahertz Communication for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Applications10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700655 ↗
8. Design and evaluation of a scalable Internet of Things backend for smart ports10.1002/spe.2973 ↗
9. Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: Design Goals, Architecture, Suitability to Use Cases and Research Challenges10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968057 ↗
10. Minaburo, A., Toutain, L., Gomez, C., Barthel, D., and Zúñiga, J.C. (2020). SCHC: Generic Framework for Static Context Header Compression and Fragmentation, RFC. Technical Report RFC8724.10.17487/RFC8724 ↗
11. Moons, B., Karaagac, A., Haxhibeqiri, J., De Poorter, E., and Hoebeke, J. (2019, January 15–18). Using SCHC for an optimized protocol stack in multimodal LPWAN solutions. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 5th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Limerick, Ireland.10.1109/WF-IoT.2019.8767210 ↗
12. Aernouts, M., BniLam, N., Podevijn, N., Plets, D., Joseph, W., Berkvens, R., and Weyn, M. (2020, January 20–23). Combining TDoA and AoA with a particle filter in an outdoor LoRaWAN network. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), Portland, OR, USA.10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110172 ↗
13. Janssen, T., Weyn, M., and Berkvens, R. (2020, January 2–4). A Primer on Real-world RSS-based Outdoor NB-IoT Localization. Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS), Tampere, Finland.10.1109/ICL-GNSS49876.2020.9115578 ↗
14. Anagnostopoulos, G.G., and Kalousis, A. (October, January 30). A Reproducible Analysis of RSSI Fingerprinting for Outdoor Localization Using Sigfox: Preprocessing and Hyperparameter Tuning. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), Pisa, Italy.10.1109/IPIN.2019.8911792 ↗
15. A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies10.1109/COMST.2019.2911558 ↗
16. Toward Location-Enabled IoT (LE-IoT): IoT Positioning Techniques, Error Sources, and Error Mitigation10.1109/JIOT.2020.3019199 ↗
17. Aernouts, M., Lemic, F., Moons, B., Famaey, J., Hoebeke, J., Weyn, M., and Berkvens, R. (2020). A Multimodal Localization Framework Design for IoT Applications. Sensors, 20.10.3390/s20164622 ↗
18. (2021, July 14). Data—W3C. Available online: https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/data.
19. Dimou, A., Vander Sande, M., Colpaert, P., Verborgh, R., Mannens, E., and Van de Walle, R. (2014, January 8). RML: A Generic Language for Integrated RDF Mappings of Heterogeneous Data. Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Linked Data on the Web, Seoul, Korea.
20. A Survey of IoT Management Protocols and Frameworks10.1109/COMST.2019.2943087 ↗
21. OMA LwM2M (2021, June 06). Lightweight Machine to Machine Technical Specification: Core. Available online: http://www.openmobilealliance.org/release/LightweightM2M/V1_2-20201110-A/OMA-TS-LightweightM2M_Core-V1_2-20201110-A.pdf.
22. OpenRemote Inc (2021, July 13). OpenRemote: The 100% Open Source IoT Platform. Available online: https://openremote.io.
23. Gravina, R., Palau, C.E., Manso, M., Liotta, A., and Fortino, G. (2018). Towards Multi-layer Interoperability of Heterogeneous IoT Platforms: The INTER-IoT Approach. Integration, Interconnection, and Interoperability of IoT Systems, Springer International Publishing. Series Title: Internet of, Things.10.1007/978-3-319-61300-0 ↗
24. Authors, T.T. (2021, July 13). ThingsBoard: Open-source IoT Platform. Available online: https://www.thingsboard.io.
25. Thingweb (2021, July 13). ThingWeb: A Web of Things Implementation. Available online: https://www.thingweb.io.
26. Project, T.E.H. (2021, July 13). Eclipse Hono: Connect, Command & Control IoT Devices. Available online: https://www.eclipse.org/hono.
27. Foundation, O. (2021, July 13). Node-RED: Low-Code Programming for Event-Driven Applications. Available online: https://www.nodered.org.
28. Giménez, P., Llop, M., Olivares, E., Palau, C., Montesinos, M., and Llorente, M. (2020, January 27–30). Interoperability of IoT Platforms in the Port Sector. In Proceedings of the Transport Research Arena (TRA 2020), Helsinki, Finland.10.26226/morressier.5e4fe9bf6bc493207536f6d6 ↗
29. Karaagac, A., VanEeghem, M., Rossey, J., Moons, B., DePoorter, E., and Hoebeke, J. (2018, January 29–31). Extensions to LwM2M for Intermittent Connectivity and Improved Efficiency. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), Paris, France.10.1109/CSCN.2018.8581821 ↗
30. (2021, July 15). Cluster | Node.js v16.5.0 Documentation. Available online: https://nodejs.org/api/cluster.html.
31. Reimann, J. (2021, July 14). We Scaled IoT—Eclipse Hono in the Lab. Available online: https://dentrassi.de/2018/07/25/scaling-iot-eclipse-hono.
32. John, V., and Liu, X. (2017). A Survey of Distributed Message Broker Queues. arXiv.