journal article·2026-03

Seismic performance assessment of elliptic braced frames incorporating XADAS dampers

Arefeh Sadat Faal Nazari, Abbas Haghollahi, Mohammad Hadi Bagherinejad

Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract The elliptic brace is a new lateral resistance system recently presented. This paper investigates the performance of a yielding damper named X-shaped added damping and stiffness (XADAS) on the elliptic braced frame. For this purpose, 12 XADAS dampers with different numbers of plates, dimensions, and thicknesses were utilized on three braced frames. Also, three sections, including BOX 60×4, BOX 80×6, and BOX 100×10, were considered for the braces. The models were subjected to a cyclic loading and a non-linear static analysis. Three parameters, dissipated energy, fracture tendency and response modification factor, were evaluated to compare the models. The numerical analysis illustrated that the frames without dampers dissipate more energy at the end of loading due to higher stiffness, but they also experience more failures. Therefore, the models were compared at an equal value of dissipated energy and fracture tendency for a correct comparison. In comparing the models with the same fracture tendency, it was observed that the frame with a damper can dissipate up to 93% more energy than the model without a damper. The models with 15 cm-high dampers have experienced less damage, and in the models equipped with 9 cm-high dampers, more damage has been transferred to the dampers. The results showed that the model braced by the BOX 80×6 and equipped with the damper that the number, height and thickness of plates are respectively equal to 6, 15cm and 8mm has the best performance regarding dissipated energy, fracture tendency and response modification factor.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Seismic Performance and Analysis · Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids · Seismic and Structural Analysis of Tall Buildings

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (48)

Show source-provided references
1. ABAQUS. (2014). Analysis User's Manual. In (Version V.6–14) Dassault Systèmes Simulia.
2. Alavi, E., Nateghi, F.: Experimental study on diagonally stiffened steel plate shear walls with central perforation. J. Constr. Steel Res. 89, 9–20 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.06.00510.1016/j.jcsr.2013.06.005 ↗
3. Bagherinejad, M.H., Haghollahi, A.: Topology optimization of steel plate shear walls in the moment frames. Steel Compos. Struct. 29(6), 771–783 (2018). https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2018.29.6.77110.12989/SCS.2018.29.6.771 ↗
4. Bagherinejad, M.H., Haghollahi, A.: New form of perforated steel plate shear wall in simple frames using topology optimization. Struct. Eng. Mech. 74(3), 325–339 (2020a). https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2020.74.3.32510.12989/SEM.2020.74.3.325 ↗
5. Bagherinejad, M.H., Haghollahi, A.: Study on topology optimization of perforated steel plate shear walls in moment frame based on strain energy. Int. J. Steel Struct. 20(4), 1420–1438 (2020b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-020-00373-x10.1007/s13296-020-00373-x ↗
6. Bagherinejad, M.H., Haghollahi, A.: Determining the optimum stiffener configuration on steel plate shear walls using topology optimization and AHP. Structures 82, 110601 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.11060110.1016/j.istruc.2025.110601 ↗
7. Beiraghi, H.: Performance based evaluation of the BRB outrigger in reinforced concrete cores under near-field event. Modares Civil Eng. J. 21(5), 41–55 (2021a)
8. Beiraghi, H.: Seismic response of buckling restrained braced frame with strong back system. Ingegneria Sism. 37, 65–81 (2021b)
9. Beiraghi, H., & Alinaghi, A. (2021). Performance based assessment for tall core structures consisting of buckling restrained braced frames and RC walls.
10. Beiraghi, H., Abbaspour, B.: Behavior factors for mixed reinforced concrete wall and buckling restrained braced frame. Struct. Eng. Mech. 86(2), 277–290 (2023). https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2023.86.2.27710.12989/SEM.2023.86.2.277 ↗
11. Beiraghi, H., Freidoni, H.: Performance based assessment of shape memory alloy braces combined with buckling restrained braces in frames subjected to near field earthquakes. Steel Compos. Struct. 41(3), 353–367 (2021). https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2021.41.3.35310.12989/SCS.2021.41.3.353 ↗
12. Beiraghi, H., Hedayatia, M.: Optimum location of second outrigger in RC core walls subjected to NF earthquakes. Steel Compos. Struct. 38, 671–690 (2021). https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.38.6.67110.12989/scs.2021.38.6.671 ↗
13. Beiraghi, H., Momen Abadi, E.: Energy-based assessment of reinforced concrete walls with two outriggers. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. 177, 276–296 (2023a). https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.21.0004610.1680/jstbu.21.00046 ↗
14. Beiraghi, H., Momen Abadi, E.: Energy demands in reinforced concrete coupled walls under near and far field earthquakes with different approaches to the occurrence of wall plasticity. Amirkabir J. Civil Eng. 55(1), 225–244 (2023b). https://doi.org/10.22060/ceej.2022.19141.708610.22060/ceej.2022.19141.7086 ↗
15. Di Sarno, L., Elnashai, A.: Innovative strategies for seismic retrofitting of steel and composite frames. Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater. 7, 115–135 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.19510.1002/pse.195 ↗
16. Di Sarno, L., Elnashai, A.: Bracing systems for seismic retrofitting of steel frames. J. Constr. Steel Res. 65, 452–465 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.01310.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.013 ↗
17. Elnashai, A. S., & Di Sarno, L. (2015). Fundamentals of earthquake engineering: from source to fragility.
18. FEMA: Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA-356. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA (2000)
19. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Haghollahi, A.: Experimental study on hysteretic behavior of steel moment frame equipped with elliptical brace. Steel Compos. Struct. 34, 891–907 (2020a). https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.6.89110.12989/scs.2020.34.6.891 ↗
20. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Haghollahi, A.: Experimental and analytical study in determining the seismic performance of the ELBRF-E and ELBRF-B braced frames. Steel Compos. Struct. 37, 571–587 (2020b). https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.37.5.57110.12989/scs.2020.37.5.571 ↗
21. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Haghollahi, A.: Assessing the seismic behavior of steel moment frames equipped by elliptical brace through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 19, 435–449 (2020c). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-020-0572-z10.1007/s11803-020-0572-z ↗
22. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Haghollahi, A., Moghaddam, H., Moghadam, A.: Study of the seismic performance of steel frames in the elliptic bracing. J. Vibroeng. 18, 2974–2985 (2016). https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2016.1685810.21595/jve.2016.16858 ↗
23. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Haghollahi, A., Moghaddam, H., Moghadam, A.: Assessing seismic performance of the elliptic braced moment resisting frame through pushover method. J. Rehabil. Civ. Eng. 07, 68–85 (2019). https://doi.org/10.22075/JRCE.2018.13030.123210.22075/JRCE.2018.13030.1232 ↗
24. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Haghollahi, A., Beheshti-Aval, S.B.: Experimental study of failure mechanisms in elliptic-braced steel frame. Steel Compos. Struct. 37, 175–191 (2020). https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.37.2.17510.12989/scs.2020.37.2.175 ↗
25. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Haghollahi, A., Talebi Kalaleh, M., Beheshti-Aval, S.B.: Nonlinear seismic behavior of elliptic-braced moment resisting frame using equivalent braced frame. Steel Compos. Struct. 40(1), 45–64 (2021)
26. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Fanaie, N., Haghollahi, A.: Theoretical formulation for calculating elastic lateral stiffness in a simple steel frame equipped with elliptic brace. Steel Compos. Struct. 45(3), 445–462 (2022)
27. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Fanaie, N., Talebi Kalaleh, M., Mortazavi, M.: Determining elastic lateral stiffness of steel moment frame equipped with elliptic brace. Steel Compos. Struct. 46(3), 293–318 (2023)
28. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Nouri, Y., Memarzadeh, P., Haghollahi, A., Hemati, E.: Seismic performance and failure mechanisms evaluation of multi-story elliptic and mega-elliptic bracing frames: experimental and numerical investigation. Structures 70, 107658 (2024a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.10765810.1016/j.istruc.2024.107658 ↗
29. Ghasemi Jouneghani, H., Nouri, Y., Mortazavi, M., Haghollahi, A., Memarzadeh, P.: Seismic performance factors of elliptic-braced frames with rotational friction dampers through IDA. Pract. Period. Struct. des. Constr. 29(4), 04024070 (2024b). https://doi.org/10.1061/PPSCFX.SCENG-154010.1061/PPSCFX.SCENG-1540 ↗
30. Khatibinia, M., Jalaipour, M., Gharehbaghi, S.: Shape optimization of U-shaped steel dampers subjected to cyclic loading using an efficient hybrid approach. Eng. Struct. 197, 108874 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.00510.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.005 ↗
31. Khatibinia, M., Ahrari, A., Gharehbaghi, S., Sarafrazi, S.R.: An efficient approach for optimum shape design of steel shear panel dampers under cyclic loading. Smart Struct. Syst. 27, 547–557 (2021). https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2021.27.3.54710.12989/sss.2021.27.3.547 ↗
32. Lu, Y., Lv, Q., Sun, T., Liu, Y., Tang, H.: Experimental and numerical studies on hysteretic behavior of a novel bending-friction coupled damper. Thin-Walled Struct. 183, 110385 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2022.11038510.1016/j.tws.2022.110385 ↗
33. Maurya, A., Egorova, N., Eatherton, M.: Development of Ring-Shaped Steel Plate Shear Walls. In: Structures Congress 2013 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412848.25910.1061/9780784412848.259 ↗
34. Naderpour, H., Kiani, A., & Kheyroddin, A.: Structural control of RC buildings subjected to near-fault ground motions in terms of tuned mass dampers. Scientia Iranica (2020). https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2018.5600.136510.24200/sci.2018.5600.1365 ↗
35. NEHRP: Recommended Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for New Buildings. Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington, D.C. (1988)
36. Nouri, Y., Jouneghani, H.G., Haghollahi, A., Hemati, E., Hemati, S.A., Mortazavi, M.: Experimental and numerical investigation of a steel yielding arc and ring damper. Structures 68, 107140 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.10714010.1016/j.istruc.2024.107140 ↗
37. Nouri, Y., Jouneghani, H.G., Haghollahi, A., Memarzadeh, P., Hemati, E.: Experimental and numerical study of seismic performance and failure mechanisms of multi-story elliptic and Quasi-X braced resisting frames. Results Eng. 26, 105657 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.10565710.1016/j.rineng.2025.105657 ↗
38. Sajjadi Alehashem, S.M., Keyhani, A., & Pourmohammad, H.: Behavior and Performance of Structures Equipped With ADAS & TADAS Dampers (a Comparison with Conventional Structures) The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China (2008).
39. Solaimani Nezhad, M.R., Mahmoudi, M.: Experimental and analytical evaluation of the seismic performance of Y-shaped braces equipped with yielding diagonal dampers. J. Build. Eng. 42, 102362 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.10236210.1016/j.jobe.2021.102362 ↗
40. Soong, T.T., Dargush, G.F.: Passive energy dissipation systems in structural engineering. Wiley, New York (1997)
41. TahamouliRoudsari, M., Eslamimanesh, M.B., Entezari, A.R., Noori, O., Torkaman, M.: Experimental assessment of retrofitting RC moment resisting frames with ADAS and TADAS yielding dampers. Structures 14, 75–87 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.02.00510.1016/j.istruc.2018.02.005 ↗
42. Tsai, K.C., Chen, H.W., Hong, C.P., Su, Y.F.: Design of steel triangular plate energy absorbers for seismic-resistant construction. Earthq. Spectra 9, 505–528 (1993)10.1193/1.1585727 ↗
43. Uang, C.-M.: Establishing R (or Rw) and Cd factors for building seismic provisions. J. Struct. Eng. (1991). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:1(19)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:1(19) ↗
44. Wang, M., Yang, W., Shi, Y., Xu, J.: Seismic behaviors of steel plate shear wall structures with construction details and materials. J. Constr. Steel Res. 107, 194–210 (2015)10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.01.007 ↗
45. Whittaker, A., Bertero, V., Alonso, J., & Thompson, C.: Earthquake simulator testing of steel plate added damping and stiffness elements. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1455.3207 (1988)10.13140/RG.2.1.1455.3207 ↗
46. Wu, C. X., Zhou, Y., Tong, J. G., & Han, J. J.: Study on the seismic performance of X-added damping and stiffness energy dissipation device 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2012, Lisbon, Portugal (2012).
47. Xia, C., Hanson, R.D.: Influence of ADAS element parameters on building seismic response. J. Struct. Eng. 118(7), 1903–1918 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:7(1903)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:7(1903) ↗
48. Yang, J., Liang, S., Zhu, X., Dang, L., Wang, W., Zhou, S.: Development and performance research of an Xadas damper with a double-phased yield mechanism. Structures 54, 1420–1439 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.05.14110.1016/j.istruc.2023.05.141 ↗