Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of BioAktTM and Phytic Acid: A Laboratory-Based Study
Source abstract
Abstract
(1) Background: To improve endodontic treatments, it is necessary to find good irrigant solutions that balance potential toxic effects with optimal antimicrobial capacity. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess the cytotoxic and antimicrobial capacity of phytic acid (IP6) and BioAktTM in a laboratory setting to determine their suitability prior to endodontic evaluation. (2) Methods: The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of IP6 and BioAktTM were compared with those of 1.5% NaOCl. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via crystal violet assay and CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 assay, while antimicrobial capacity was tested via disk diffusion and the effect of a 1-h treatment on Enterococcus faecalis. (3) Results: A crystal violet test and CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 assay showed statistically significant differences in cell viability and cell activity after 4 and 24 h for all tested solutions (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of BioAktTM was similar to that of 1.5% NaOCl, while phytic acid showed the lowest antimicrobial activity compared to BioAktTM (p < 0.05) and 1.5% NaOCl (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusion: BioAktTM showed an optimal balance between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments · Oral microbiology and periodontitis research · Dental Radiography and Imaging
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. An immunohistological study of the localization of bacteria invading root pulpal walls of teeth with periapical lesions10.1097/00004770-200303000-00008 ↗
2. Irrigating Solutions and Activation Methods Used in Clinical Endodontics: A Systematic Review10.3389/froh.2022.838043 ↗
3. Irrigation in endodontics10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.204 ↗
4. A prospective clinical study of regenerative endodontic treatment of traumatized immature teeth with necrotic pulps using bi-antibiotic paste10.1111/iej.12808 ↗
5. The effect of cleaning procedures on fracture properties and corrosion of NiTi files10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00709.x ↗
6. Allergy to sodium hypochlorite during root canal therapy: A case report10.1111/j.1365-2591.1994.tb00247.x ↗
7. Hypersensitivity to sodium hypochlorite10.1016/S0099-2399(89)80241-9 ↗
8. Sodium Hypochlorite Accident: A Systematic Review10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.023 ↗
9. Final irrigation protocols may affect intraradicular dentin ultrastructure10.1007/s00784-016-2006-x ↗
10. Complications during root canal irrigation—Literature review and case reports10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00303.x ↗
11. Response of the human eye to accidental exposure to sodium hypochlorite10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81678-X ↗
12. A comparative in vitro evaluation of cytotoxic effects of EDTA and maleic acid: Root canal irrigants10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.039 ↗
13. In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of acid solutions used as canal irrigants10.1097/01.don.0000157994.49432.67 ↗
14. A Review Over Benefits and Drawbacks of Combining Sodium Hypochlorite with Other Endodontic Materials10.2174/1874210601711010661 ↗
15. Fracture resistance of teeth directly and indirectly restored with composite resin and indirectly restored with ceramic materials
16. Surface tension comparison of four common root canal irrigants and two new irrigants containing antibiotic10.1016/j.joen.2006.05.008 ↗
17. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study biocompatibility of endodontic materials10.1111/iej.13701 ↗
18. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of MTAD using the MTT-tetrazolium method10.1097/00004770-200310000-00010 ↗
19. Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal with 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, 10% Citric Acid and Newer Irrigant QMix: In Vitro Study10.4103/2393-8692.172030 ↗
20. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effectiveness of citric acid and sodium hypochlorite on the anaerobic flora of the infected root canal10.1111/j.1365-2591.1994.tb00243.x ↗
21. Generali, L., Bertoldi, C., Bidossi, A., Cassinelli, C., Morra, M., Del Fabbro, M., Savadori, P., Ballal, N.V., and Giardino, L. (2020). Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of a New Class of Silver Citrate-Based Compounds as Endodontic Irrigants. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13215019 ↗
22. The effect of different irrigation protocols on smear layer removal in root canals of primary teeth: A SEM study10.1080/00016357.2019.1577491 ↗
23. The Effects of Different Ionic Liquid Coatings and the Length of Alkyl Chain on Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles
24. Metabolism and biological activities of inositol pentakisphosphate and inositol hexakisphosphate10.1016/0006-2952(95)00059-9 ↗
25. Phytic acid: An alternative root canal chelating agent10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.029 ↗
26. Inhibitory Mechanism on Combination of Phytic Acid with Methanolic Seed Extract of Syzygium cumini and Sodium Chloride over Bacillus subtilis10.1007/s00284-018-1457-5 ↗
27. European Society of Endodontology position statement: Revitalization procedures10.1111/iej.12629 ↗
28. A review of regenerative endodontics: Current protocols and future directions
29. Effect of phytic acid used as etchant on bond strength, smear layer, and pulpal cells10.1111/eos.12064 ↗
30. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis10.1038/nmeth.2089 ↗
31. Giardino, L., Pedulla, E., Cavani, F., Bisciotti, F., Giannetti, L., Checchi, V., Angerame, D., Consolo, U., and Generali, L. (2021). Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants. Materials, 14.10.3390/ma14195853 ↗
32. Time-dependent effects of EDTA on dentin structures10.1097/00004770-200201000-00004 ↗
33. Forgione, D., Nassar, M., Seseogullari-Dirihan, R., Thitthaweerat, S., and Tezvergil-Mutluay, A. (2021). The effect of phytic acid on enzymatic degradation of dentin. Eur. J. Oral Sci., 129.10.1111/eos.12771 ↗
34. Antimicrobial Activity of Phytic Acid: An Emerging Agent in Endodontics10.3389/fcimb.2021.753649 ↗
35. Tonini, R., Giovarruscio, M., Gorni, F., Ionescu, A., Brambilla, E., Mikhailovna, I.M., Luzi, A., Maciel Pires, P., and Sauro, S. (2020). In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Smear Layer Removal/Sealer Penetration of a Novel Silver-Citrate Root Canal Irrigant. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13010194 ↗
36. Anatomy of sodium hypochlorite accidents involving facial ecchymosis—A review10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.012 ↗
37. Ozdemir, O., Hazar, E., Kocak, S., Saglam, B.C., and Kocak, M.M. (2022). The frequency of sodium hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment: An observational clinical study. Aust. Dent. J., early view.10.1111/adj.12924 ↗
38. Long-term mechanical properties of EDTA-demineralized dentin matrix
39. Tissue reaction to silver nanoparticles dispersion as an alternative irrigating solution10.1016/j.joen.2010.07.007 ↗