Fundamental Investigations on the High-Temperature Corrosion of Spinel-Forming Alumina Castables by Steel Slags
Source abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio of steel slag on the corrosion behavior of spinel-forming alumina-based castables with a content of MgO (3–7 wt.%). Equiweight mixtures of castables and slags were calculated by FactSage, observed by HMTA, fired at 1350 °C, and investigated by XRD. From these results, we conclude that the presence of SiO2-rich phases accelerates the growth of the liquid phase in a narrow temperature range for the tested samples, which accelerates the degradation of castables. The static corrosion test was conducted by means of the coating method at 1450 °C. The corrosion index (IC) in the regions of castables affected by slags was calculated. Phases and phase distributions were evaluated by SEM-EDS. From these results, we conclude that for the slag with the lowest mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 (1.1), the reaction zone occurs only below the slag-refractory interface, which indicates the aggressive character of this slag.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis · Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications · Materials Engineering and Processing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Zakłady Magnezytowe ROPCZYCE S.A., ul. Postępu, 15C, 02-676 Warszawa, Poland
Funding
National Centre for Research and Development
References (55)
Show source-provided references
1. Nakabo, K., Nishida, S., and Kitamura, M. (2017, January 2–8). Technologies of alumina-magnesia refractories for steel ladles part II, castable properties under restrained heating. Proceedings of the 72° Congresso Anual da ABM, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
2. (2021, September 02). Nieformowanewyrobyogniotrwałe—Część 1: Wprowadzenieiklasyfikacja, PN-EN 1402-1:2005. Available online: https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-1402-1-2005p.html.
3. Effect of the particle size on the reactivity of MgO-Al2O3hydratingmixtures: A long-term kinetic investigation of hydrotalcite synthesis10.1016/j.clay.2021.106196 ↗
4. Castable refractory concretes10.1179/095066001101528439 ↗
5. Effect of mullite formation on properties of refractory castables10.1016/S0272-8842(01)00021-9 ↗
6. Strength development of bauxite-based ultralow-cement castables
7. Aïtcin, P.C. (2016). Supplementary cementitious materials and blended cements. Science and Technology of Concrete Admixtures, Woodhead Publishing.10.1016/B978-0-08-100693-1.00004-7 ↗
8. The Effect of Microsilica and Refractory Cement Content on the Properties of Andalusite Based Low Cement Castables Used in Aluminum Casthouse10.1590/S0366-69132010000400016 ↗
9. Majchrowicz, I., Witel, J., Barański, J., and Cholewa, M. (2021, September 15). Monolitycznemateriałyogniotrwałe do zastosowań w odlewnictwie. XII Konferencjaodlewnicza Technical; 2010. Available online: http://docplayer.pl/14339381-Monolityczne-materialy-ogniotrwale-do-zastosowan-w-odlewnictwie.html.
10. Systemic analysis of MgO hydration effects on alumina–magnesia refractory castables10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.01.051 ↗
11. Effect of CaO content on the hot strength of alumina–spinel castables in the temperature range of 1000 °C to 1500 °C10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02719.x ↗
12. Thermal characteristics of Al2O3–MgO and Al2O3–spinel castables for steel ladles10.1016/S0272-8842(02)00047-0 ↗
13. Alumina-rich refraktory concretes with added spinel, periclase and dolomite: A comparative study of their microstructural evolution with temperature10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.05.018 ↗
14. Thermal characteristics of castables for teeming ladles
15. Microsilica role in the CA6 formation in cement-bonded spinelrefractorycastables10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.05.013 ↗
16. Spinel-containing alumina-based refractory castables10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.03.049 ↗
17. Sumimura, H., Yamamura, T., Kubota, Y., and Kaneshige, T. (1999, January 6–9). Study on slag penetration of alumina-spinel castable. Proceedings of the UNITECR’99, Berlin, Germany.
18. Composition of spinel clinker for teeming ladle casting materials
19. Kriechbaum, G.W., Wohrmeyer, C., and Routschka, G. (1992, January 26–27). Neue Spinell-Rohstoffe fur FeuerfestauskleidungenimStahlbereich. Proceedings of the 35th International Colloquium on Refractories, Aachen, Germany.
20. Structure change of alumina castable by addition of magnesia or spinel
21. Refractory characteristics of spinels with various MgO contents
22. Effect of slag composition on wear of alumina-spinel castable for steel ladle
23. Wear mechanism of castasble for steel ladle by slag
24. Test results of alumina-spinel castable for steel ladle
25. Effect of spinel clinker composition on properties of alumina-spinel castable
26. Holleyn, F., Krause, O., Rossdeutscher, J., Brochen, E., Dannert, C., and Odziomek, M. (2017, January 26–29). Matrix Design for Improved Spinel Formation in High Alumina Refractory Monolithics that is Adjusted to the Service Conditions. Proceedings of the UNITECR, Santiago, Chile.
27. Schacht, C.A., and Monticello, M.D. (2004). Spinel-containing refractories. Refractories Handbook, CRC Press.10.1201/9780203026328 ↗
28. Alumina-spinel castable refractories for steel teeming ladle
29. A novel approach for magnesia hydration assessment in refractory castables10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.01.004 ↗
30. Corrosion of high alumina spinel castables by steel ladle slag10.1179/174328106X80109 ↗
31. Effect of Spinel Kinds on Properties of Alumina-Spinel Castables10.1111/ijac.12322 ↗
32. Effect of spinel content on slag attack resistance of high alumina refractory castables10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.04.007 ↗
33. Pogorzałek, J., and Różański, P. (2021, July 06). Steelmaking Slags Utilization. Prace IMŻ 1, 2010. Available online: https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/details/nnlt3T5.
34. Guo, M., Parada, S., Smets, S., Jones, P.T., van Dyck, J., Blanpain, B., and Wollants, P. (2004, January 25–28). Laboratory study of the interaction mechanisms between magnesia-chromite refractories and Al2O3-rich VOD slags. Proceedings of the VII International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts, Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Cape Town, South Africa.
35. Rose, L., Reichel, J., and Germershausen, T. (2013). Innovations in Refining Process Technique Combined Blowing Vacuum Converter with CO2, SMS Siemag AG.
36. Characteristic of chemical composition of converter and blast furnace slags
37. The system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 under pressure: A computational study of melting relations and phase diagrams10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.011 ↗
38. Phase Equilibrium Relationships in a Portion of the System MgO-A12O3-2CaO·SiO210.1111/j.1151-2916.1951.tb13028.x ↗
39. Liquidus Relationships on 10% MgO Plane of the System Lime-Magnesia-Alumina-Silica10.1111/j.1151-2916.1954.tb14058.x ↗
40. Shin, J.W. (2005). The experimental and theoretical determination of the thermodynamic properties of melts and glasses from the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Aachen Techn. Hochsch. Diss., Available online: http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59938/files/59938.pdf.
41. Lee, W.E., and Zhang, S. (2004, January 25–28). Direct and indirect slag corrosion of oxide and oxide-c refractories. Proceedings of the VII International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts, Cape Town, South Africa.
42. Identification of magnesia–chromite refractory degradation mechanisms of secondary copper smelter linings10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.02.036 ↗
43. Application of heating microscopy to the study of thermal behaviour of ZnO–P2O5–WO3 glasses10.1007/s10973-012-2572-3 ↗
44. The ternary system CaO-Al2O3-SiO210.2475/ajs.s4-39.229.1 ↗
45. Effect of Na2O on Dissolution Rate of Alumina in CaO–Al2O3–MgO–SiO2 Slag10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-211 ↗
46. Liquidus Relations in the Quaternary Subsystem CaA12O4-CaAl4O7-Ca2Al2SiO7-MgAl2O410.1111/j.1151-2916.1968.tb11828.x ↗
47. Ternary System Al2O3–MgO–CaO: Part II, Phase Relationships in the Subsystem Al2O3–MgAl2O4–CaAl4O710.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01295.x ↗
48. In-Depth Microstructural Evolution Analyses of Cement-Bonded Spinel Refractory Castables: Novel Insights Regarding Spinel and CA6 Formation10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05161.x ↗
49. Effect of the Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio on the crystallization behavior of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slags using confocal laser scanning microscopy10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.07.152 ↗
50. Understanding the Formation of CaAl2Si2O8 in Melilite Based Glass-Ceramics: Combined Diffraction and Spectroscopic Studies
51. Revisiting CA6 formation in cement-bonded alumina-spinel refractory castables10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.07.003 ↗
52. Formation of CaO6Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 During Dissolution of Al2O3 into CaMgSiO4 Melt
53. Enthalpies of formation of CaAl4O7 and CaAl12O19 (hibonite) by high temperature, alkali borate solution calorimetry10.1016/0016-7037(88)90241-4 ↗
54. Synthesis of CaAl2O4 from powders: Particle size effect10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.06.021 ↗
55. Additive and Impurity Distributions at Grain Boundaries in Sintered Alumina10.1111/j.1151-2916.1975.tb18764.x ↗