Amaranth Meal and Environmental Carnobacterium maltaromaticum Probiotic Bacteria as Novel Stabilizers of the Microbiological Quality of Compound Fish Feeds for Aquaculture
Source abstract
Abstract
Fish feed should be characterized by microbiological stability to guarantee the optimal health of farmed fish. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of amaranth meal (Amaranthus cruentus) and a highly active environmental strain of probiotic bacteria, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, as novel supplements that stabilize the quantitative and qualitative composition of microbiota in compound fish feeds for aquaculture, regardless of storage temperature. The total viable counts of mesophilic bacteria at 28 °C (TVC 28 °C), hemolytic mesophilic bacteria (Hem 37 °C), Staphylococcus sp. bacteria, aerobic spore-forming bacteria (ASFB), sulfite-reducing anaerobic spore-forming Clostridium sp. bacteria, yeasts, and molds were analyzed in control feed (CF), in feed supplemented with amaranth meal (AF), and in feed supplemented with amaranth meal and C. maltaromaticum (ACF), stored at a temperature of 4 °C and 20 °C for 98 days. Amaranthus cruentus and C. maltaromaticum significantly reduced bacterial counts in fish feeds, regardless of the temperature and duration of storage. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the tested additives were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The studied novel supplements contribute to the microbiological safety of compound fish feeds. The tested additives could be recognized as the key ingredients of organic, environmentally friendly fish feeds, which guarantee the high quality of fish intended for human consumption.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Probiotics and Fermented Foods · Seed and Plant Biochemistry · Animal Nutrition and Physiology
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Oczapowskiego 5, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City D.F. CP. 11340, Mexico
General Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City D.F. CP. 11340, Mexico
References (73)
Show source-provided references
1. Gołaś, I., Szmyt, M., Potorski, J., Łopata, M., Gotkowska-Płachta, A., and Glińska-Lewczuk, K. (2019). Distribution of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in a recirculating aquaculture system during farming of uropean grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) broodstock. Water, 11.10.3390/w11020376 ↗
2. Banu, M.R., Akter, S., Islam, M.R., Mondol, M.N., and Hossain, M.A. (2020). Probiotic yeast enhanced growth performance and disease resistance in freshwater catfish gulsa tengra, Mystus cavasius. Aquac. Res., 16.10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100237 ↗
3. Merrifield, D.L., and Ringo, E. (2014). Probiotics and Prebiotics: Concepts, Definitions and History. Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics, Wiley Blackwell.10.1002/9781118897263 ↗
4. Fish feed microbiological status
5. Isolation of enzyme producing bacteria from gut of Channa striatus fed on different herbs and probiotics diet
6. Use of Carnobacterium sp. as a probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00349-X ↗
7. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics10.1093/jn/125.6.1401 ↗
8. Health effects of probiotics and prebiotics. A literature review on human studies
9. Biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality in animal nutrition and health10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.012 ↗
10. Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: A modern perspective on a traditional therapy10.1086/320518 ↗
11. Cytokine expression in leucocytes and gut cells of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, induced by probiotics10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.015 ↗
12. Microbial community diversity associated with the intestinal mucosa of farmed rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02200.x ↗
13. Cross effects of the strain of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rearing conditions on the onset of intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, fry10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.04.002 ↗
14. Characterization of probiotic carnobacteria isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02401.x ↗
15. Adhesion of probiotic strains to the intestinal mucosa and interaction with pathogens10.1016/S1521-6918(03)00052-0 ↗
16. Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics. A comparison of functionality and efficacy10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.05.012 ↗
17. Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture10.1128/MMBR.64.4.655-671.2000 ↗
18. Modelling the effect of the temperature and carbon dioxide on the growth of spoilage bacteria in packed fish products10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.046 ↗
19. Carnobacterium isolated from caviar of sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) farmed in Korea10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.151 ↗
20. Occurrence and role of lactic acid bacteria in seafood products10.1016/j.fm.2010.05.016 ↗
21. Effect of probiotics on survival and growth of Heteropneustes fossilis
22. The ability of carnobacteria isolated from fish intestine to inhibit growth of fish pathogenic bacteria: A screening study10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01876.x ↗
23. Holzapfel, W., and Naughton, P. (2005). Antibacterial abilities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from aquatic animals and the use of lactic acid bacteria in aquaculture. Microbial Ecology in Growing Animals, Elsevier.
24. Probiotics and prebiotics for fish culture, at the parting of the ways
25. Probiotic functional foods: Survival of probiotics during processing and storage10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.030 ↗
26. Evaluation of fish meal analogue as partial fish meal replacement in the diet of growing Japanese eel Anguilla japonica10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.10.018 ↗
27. Important antinutrients in plant feedstuffs for aquaculture: An update on recent findings regarding responses in salmonids10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02426.x ↗
28. Comparison of the chemical composition and nutritional value of Amaranthus cruentus flour and its protein concentrate10.1007/s11130-004-0033-3 ↗
29. Characteristics and suitability of amaranth components in food biotechnology
30. Characterization of seeds and lipids of amaranthus
31. Quantification of a broad spectrum of lignans in cereals, oilseeds, and nuts10.1021/jf0629134 ↗
32. Seed treatments affect functional and antinutritional properties of amaranth flours10.1002/jsfa.2463 ↗
33. Nutritional components of amaranth seed and vegetables: A Review on composition, properties, and uses10.1111/1541-4337.12021 ↗
34. Dietary effect of supplementation with amaranth meal on growth performance and apparent digestibility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus myskiss
35. Potorski, J., and Niewiadomski, P. (2017, January 17–19). The effect of amaranth meal on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microbiota in compound feeds stored at different temperatures. Proceedings of the Poster Session Presentation at the 9th Polish Hydromicrobiological Conference—Hydromicro 2017, Microorganisms—Achievements and Challenges, Conference Proceedings, Olsztyn, Poland.
36. The impact of fruit and soybean by-products and amaranth on the growth of probiotic and starter microorganisms10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.026 ↗
37. Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates from poultry and fish feeds sold in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
38. The effect of storage temperature on microbiological quality of fish feeds
39. The effect of Carnbacterium maltaromaticum probiotic bacteria on commercial fish feed heterothropic microbiota
40. Suitability of cereal porridges as substrate for probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
41. Jozala, A.F. (2017). Lactic acid bacteria and fermentation of cereals and pseudocereals. Fermentation Processes, Intech Publisher.10.5772/61924 ↗
42. Fermentation of milk- and water-based amaranth mashes10.1515/acs-2015-0024 ↗
43. Genetic diversity of the biofilm covering Montacuta ferruginosa (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis and cloning of PCR-amplified gene fragments coding for 16S rRN10.1128/AEM.64.9.3464-3472.1998 ↗
44. NCBI (2017, April 10). National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Available online: http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi.
45. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food (May, January 30). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization. Proceedings of the Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Working Group on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food, London, ON, Canada.
46. Use of prawn blood agar hemolysis to screen for bacteria pathogenic to cultured tiger prawns Penaeus monodon10.3354/dao043153 ↗
47. Bile salt and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese10.1016/j.femsle.2005.01.037 ↗
48. Synthesis of antibacterial and anticancer substances by Bacillus sp. PRV3 and Bacillus sp. PRV23, an intestinal probiotics of Indian fresh water fish
49. Predicting the optimal dietary amino acid profile for growth of juvenile yellow perch with whole body amino acid concentrations10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00659.x ↗
50. NRC (2011). Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. National Research Council (US). Committee on the Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp, The National Academy Press.
51. Polish Standard PN-R-64791:1994 (2019, January 06). Animal Feeds. Microbiological Requirements and Analyses. Available online: http://www.statsoft.com/Products/STATISTICA/Product-Index.
52. Bacterial contamination of animal feed and its relationship to human foodborne illness10.1086/342885 ↗
53. Bacteriological evaluation of water, feed and sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt) fry quality during intensive rearing in cooling water
54. The microbiological state of fish feed, water and Silurus glanis L. skin of fry during intensive rearing
55. Nutritional value and utilization of amaranthus (Amaranthus sp.)—A review
56. Effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium and Amaranthus dubius against bacteria isolated from clinical specimen
57. Rediscovering the therapeutic potential of Amaranthus species: A review
58. Occurrence of “mammalian” lignans in plant and water sources10.1007/s00425-007-0512-4 ↗
59. Kamela, S.L.A., Mouokeu, R.S., Rawson, A., Maffo Tazoho, G., Moh, L.G., Etienne, P.T., and Jules-Roger, K. (2016). Influence of processing methods on proximate composition and dieting of two Amaranthus species from West Cameroon. J. Food Sci., 1–8.10.1155/2016/6707313 ↗
60. Studies on the effect of Amaranthus spinosus leaf extract on the hematology of growing pigs
61. Effect of feeding amaranth on growth efficiency and health of market pigs10.2754/avb200473040437 ↗
62. Nutritional evaluation of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) in broiler diets10.1016/S0377-8401(96)00997-2 ↗
63. Medicinal plant derivatives as immunostimulants: An alternative to chemotherapeutics and antibiotics in aquaculture10.1007/s10499-013-9729-3 ↗
64. Potential of Amaranthus seeds in supplementary feed and its impact on growth in some carps10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00139-6 ↗
65. Phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of three Amaranthus plant species
66. Lactic acid bacteria from urope grain amaranth: A Source of vitamins and functional value enzymes
67. Effects of selected lactic acid bacteria on the characteristics of amaranth sourdough10.1002/jsfa.4091 ↗
68. Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria for sourdough fermentation of amaranth10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.006 ↗
69. Assessment of the prebiotic effect of quinoa and amaranth in the human intestinal ecosystem
70. Effects of probiotic bacteria on fish performance
71. Use of the bacteria Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as growth promoters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00277-6 ↗
72. Use of different microbial probiotics in the diet of rohu, Labeo rohita fingerling: Effects on growth, nutrient digestibility and retention, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00866.x ↗
73. Lactic acid bacteria vs. pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of fish10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02339.x ↗