Performance Evaluation of an Adsorption Heat Pump System Using MSC-30/R1234yf Pair with the Impact of Thermal Masses

In this study, we evaluated the performance of low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234yf on the activated carbon (MSC-30) for adsorption heating applications. The adsorption isotherms of MSC-30/R1234yf were measured using a constant-volume–variable-pressure (CVVP) method from very low relative pressure to the practical operating ranges. The data were fitted with several isotherm models using non-linear curve fitting. An improved equilibrium model was employed to investigate the influence of dead thermal masses, i.e., the heat exchanger assembly and the non-adsorbing part of the adsorbent. The model employed the model for the isosteric heat of adsorption where the adsorbed phase volume was accounted for. The performance of the heat pump was compared with MSC-30/R134a pair using the data from the literature. The analysis covered the desorption temperature ranging from 60 °C to 90 °C, with the evaporation temperature at 5 °C and the adsorption temperature and condensation temperature set to 30 °C. It was observed that the adsorption isotherms of R1234yf on MSC-30 were relatively lower than those of R134a by approximately 12%. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the selected pair was found to vary from 0.03 to 0.35 depending on the heat source temperature. We demonstrated that due to lower latent heat, MSC-30/R1234yf pair exhibits slightly lower cycle performance compared to the MSC-30/R134a pair. However, the widespread adaptation of environmentally friendly R1234yf in automobile heat pump systems may call for the implementation of adsorption systems such as the direct hybridization using a single refrigerant. The isotherm and performance data presented in this work will be essential for such applications.