Analysis of Emergency Medical Vulnerability and Survival Rates Following Real-Time Traffic Information
Source abstract
Abstract
Providing rapid access to emergency medical services (EMS) within the “golden time” for survival is important to improve the survival rate of emergency patients. This study analyzes the accessibility of EMS based on driving speed changes following real-time road traffic conditions by time to estimate vulnerable areas for EMS and survival rates of emergency patients. The key results of the network analysis based on real-time road speed and this evaluation of vulnerable areas by village level across South Korea reveal the different characteristics of urban and rural areas to access emergency medical facilities. In urban areas, road traffic congestion during rush hour delays the patients’ access time to EMS. In contrast, in rural areas, the long geographical distance to an emergency medical facility is a hurdle for receiving care from an EMS during the “golden time” because emergency medical facilities are mostly located in urban areas. The existing standard to assess vulnerable areas of EMS accessibility is based on the speed limit of roads, but the time may be underestimated because the speed limit alone does not reflect the real road conditions. The study results show that an effective way to increase the survival rate is receiving immediate first aid treatment, which means that the government should continuously train the public to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as well as install automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in populated places, and train the public to use them. Reducing assess time to emergency medical centers in urban areas and providing additional manpower to help with first aid in rural areas are reasonable ways to improve the survival rate of emergency patients.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Trauma and Emergency Care Studies · Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation · Emergency and Acute Care Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Spatial Information Research Institute, Korea Land and Geospatial Informatix Corporation, Jeonju 54870, Korea
Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Department of Emergency Medicine, KangNam Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07441, Korea
Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
Funding
National Research Foundation
References (59)
Show source-provided references
1. Mortality and morbidity following road accidents
2. Travel or Traffic: Either Way, Emergency Service May Be Delayed10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.01.002 ↗
3. Access to emergency care in the United States10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.11.016 ↗
4. A meta-analysis of prehospital care times for trauma10.1080/10903120500541324 ↗
5. Survival rates from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Recommendations for uniform definitions and data to report10.1016/S0196-0644(05)82283-8 ↗
6. Noble-Mathews, P.M. (2005). Pre-Hospital Care, Elsevier Health Sciences.
7. Bigdeli, M., Khorasani-Zavareh, D., and Mohammadi, R. (2010). Pre-hospital care time intervals among victims of road traffic injuries in Iran. A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 10.10.1186/1471-2458-10-406 ↗
8. Designing service coverage and measuring accessibility and serviceability of rural and small urban ambulance systems10.3390/systems2010034 ↗
9. Improving the measurement of the Korean emergency medical System’s spatial accessibility10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.08.009 ↗
10. Urban-rural differences in prehospital care of major trauma10.1097/00005373-199704000-00024 ↗
11. A comparison of rural and urban emergency medical system (EMS) personnel: A Texas study10.1017/S1049023X00025917 ↗
12. OECD (2012). OECD Health Care Quality Review: Korea, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Publishing.
13. Assessment of accessibility to medical facilities in rural areas using real road distance focusing on Pyeongchang-gun
14. HIRAS (2020). Healthcare Bigdata Hub, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Available online: https://opendata.hira.or.kr/home.do.
15. Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548206 ↗
16. KOSIS (2017). 2017 Causes of Death Statistics, Korean Statistical Information Service, Statistics Korea.
17. KOSIS (2019). Population Ageing, Korean Statistical Information Service, Statistics Korea.
18. How to Prevent Preventable Death
19. Vulnerable Analysis of Emergency Medical Facilities based on Accessibility to Emergency Room and 119 Emergency Center10.7851/Ksrp.2018.24.4.147 ↗
20. Health and Welfare (2018). Public Health and Medical Services Act, Article 12 (Designation and Public Announcement of Areas Lacking Medical Services).
21. A spatial analysis to evaluate the impact of deregulation policies in the pharmacy sector: Evidence from the case of Navarre10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.08.010 ↗
22. Disparities in spatial accessibility of pharmacies in Baton Rouge, Louisiana10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12087.x ↗
23. Accessibility, equity and health care: Review and research directions for transport geographers10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.12.006 ↗
24. Improving the spatial accessibility of healthcare in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102262 ↗
25. Measurement, optimization, and impact of health care accessibility: A methodological review10.1080/00045608.2012.657146 ↗
26. Ehara, A. (2018). Accessibility of pediatric inpatient services in Japan. PLoS ONE, 13.10.1371/journal.pone.0201443 ↗
27. Jin, M., Liu, L., Tong, D., Gong, Y., and Liu, Y. (2019). Evaluating the spatial accessibility and distribution balance of multi-level medical service facilities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.10.3390/ijerph16071150 ↗
28. Improving spatial accessibility to regional health systems through facility capacity management10.1016/j.seps.2020.100881 ↗
29. Graphically supported evaluation of mapping techniques used in presenting spatial accessibility10.1080/15230406.2018.1479311 ↗
30. Liu, S., Qin, Y., and Xu, Y. (2019). Inequality and Influencing Factors of Spatial Accessibility of Medical Facilities in Rural Areas of China: A Case Study of Henan Province. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.10.3390/ijerph16101833 ↗
31. Spatial accessibility analysis of healthcare service centers in Gamo Gofa Zone, Ethiopia through Geospatial technique
32. Analysis of the implication of accessibility to community facilities for land price in rural areas using a hedonic land price model10.7851/ksrp.2016.22.1.093 ↗
33. Jeon, J., Kim, S., and Kwon, S.M. (2020). The Effects of Urban Containment Policies on Public Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.10.3390/ijerph17093275 ↗
34. Evaluating Educational Fairness of Commuting Distances for Rural Villages following the Closing of Elementary Schools
35. Li, L., Du, Q., Ren, F., and Ma, X. (2019). Assessing spatial accessibility to hierarchical urban parks by multi-types of travel distance in Shenzhen, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.10.3390/ijerph16061038 ↗
36. Analysis of Village Safety Index using Accessibility to Public Facilities10.7851/ksrp.2016.22.2.121 ↗
37. (2020, September 16). Rural Areas Information Service (RAISE), Available online: https://www.raise.go.kr/raise/index.do.
38. Evaluating Accessibilities to Village Community Centers via Rural Amenity Resources Information10.7851/ksrp.2014.20.2.057 ↗
39. Evaluation of Accessibility to Elementary and Secondary Educational Facilities on Village Level in Rural Areas10.7851/Ksrp.2017.23.3.121 ↗
40. Wikipedia (2020, September 16). Administrative Divisions of South Korea. Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea.
41. (2020, September 16). National Medical Center (NMC). Available online: https://www.nmc.or.kr/main.asp.
42. (2020, September 16). Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW), Available online: http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/index.jsp.
43. (2020, September 16). National Fire Agency (NFA), Available online: https://www.nfa.go.kr/nfa/.
44. (2020, September 16). Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Available online: http://nodelink.its.go.kr/.
45. (2020, September 16). Traffic and Road Information Service, Available online: http://openapi.its.go.kr/data/centerTraffic.do.
46. ESRI (2020, September 16). What is the ArcGIS Network Analyst Extension?. Available online: https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/extensions/network-analyst/what-is-network-analyst-.htm.
47. Numerators, denominators, and survival rates: Reporting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest10.1016/0735-6757(91)90108-V ↗
48. Influence of early defibrillation on the survival rate and quality of life after CPR in prehospital emergency medical service in a German metropolitan area10.1016/S0300-9572(01)00483-X ↗
49. Improvement in Non-Traumatic, Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival in Detroit From 2014 to 201610.1161/JAHA.118.009831 ↗
50. Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: A tale of 29 cities10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81805-0 ↗
51. Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A graphic model10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81302-2 ↗
52. European Resuscitation Council (2000). Part 6: Advanced cardiovascular life support. Section 8: Postresuscitation care. European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation, 46, 195–201.10.1016/S0300-9572(00)00300-2 ↗
53. Health and Welfare (2019). Regional Public Health Act, Article 3 of the Framework Act on Health and Medical Services, Act No. 16262.
54. Bystander automated external defibrillator use and clinical outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.09.003 ↗
55. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest10.1056/NEJMoa1405796 ↗
56. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by trained responders versus lay persons and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A community observational study10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.06.024 ↗
57. Community socioeconomic status and public access defibrillators: A multilevel analysis10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.08.012 ↗
58. Epidemiology and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in England10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.10.030 ↗
59. Improper bystander-performed basic life support in cardiac arrests managed with public automated external defibrillators10.1016/j.ajem.2014.10.018 ↗