Use of Linear Viscoelastic Functions to Estimate the Aging Resistance and Internal Structure of Bituminous Binders

Rheology is the most widely used technique to evaluate the performance and aging of bituminous binders. Since there are many available rheological tests, there is also a wide range of aging indexes and it is not easy to choose the most appropriate one, because a single value may hardly be adequate for different properties or operating conditions. In order to generalize the usefulness of an index, a good starting point is deriving it from a set of data, such as the master curves of linear viscoelastic functions. Then, the problem is the quantification of aging in a single numerical value from continuous curves, covering a wide range of frequencies/temperatures. In this work, a summary of the aging indexes derived from the master curves is reported and discussed. The indexes are applied to a bituminous binder either with or without the addition of an organo-modified layered silicate. The apparent molecular weight distributions and relaxation spectra were also calculated from the master curves and used to characterize the effect of aging on the binder properties and structure. In this way, an interesting parallelism was observed between the SARA fractions and the populations derived from a deconvolution analysis of the apparent molecular weight distributions.