Embedded PSO for Solving FJSP on Embedded Environment (Industry 4.0 Era)

Since of the advent of Industry 4.0, embedded systems have become an indispensable component of our life. However, one of the most significant disadvantages of these gadgets is their high power consumption. It was demonstrated that making efficient use of the device’s central processing unit (CPU) enhances its energy efficiency. The use of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) over an embedded environment achieves many resource problems. Difficulties of online implementation arise primarily from the unavoidable lengthy simulation time to evaluate a candidate solution. In this paper, an embedded two-level PSO (E2L-PSO) for intelligent real-time simulation is introduced. This algorithm is proposed to be executed online and adapted to embedded applications. An automatic adaptation of the asynchronous embedded two-level PSO algorithm to CPU is completed. The Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) is selected to solve, due to its importance in the Industry 4.0 era. An analysis of the run-time performance on handling E2L-PSO over an STM32F407VG-Discovery card and a Raspberry Pi B+ card is conducted. By the experimental study, such optimization decreases the CPU time consumption by 10% to 70%, according to the CPU reduction needed (soft, medium, or hard reduction).