Does the Mass Public Transport System Cover the Social Transport Needs? Targeting SDG 11.2 in Guadalajara, Mexico
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper analyses how SITEUR, the Mass Public Transport System (MPTS) in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), covers transport social needs, contributing to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 11.2. In order to facilitate this, an Index of Mass Transport Provision (IMTP) was measured through proximity, frequency, and capacity. Then, an Index of Social Transport Needs (ISTN) was calculated by means of transport disadvantage indicators. Finally, the Index of Social Transport Needs Covered (ICSTN) was calculated. The calculations used geographic information systems and principal component analysis in 1834 geographic sections. Findings highlight that 50.3% of the inhabitants have a very high level of social transport needs, while only 6.8% of the population have very low social transport needs. Results show that SITEUR promotes advancement in public transport systems within the GMA relative to quality, security, and reliability and it also contributes to tackling social exclusion in the GMA. A proposal related to transport systems integration is included, to address an important aspect of social exclusion in the city.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Urban Transport and Accessibility · Latin American Urban Studies · Transportation Planning and Optimization
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Habitat and Urban Development, ITESO, The Jesuit University of Guadalajara, Anillo Perif. Sur Manuel Gómez Morin 3838, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45604, Mexico
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Campus de Fuentenueva, University of Granada, s/n., 18071 Granada, Spain
Applied Economics Department, Campus Cartuja, University of Granada, s/n., 18011 Granada, Spain
References (77)
Show source-provided references
1. Public transportation and sustainability: A review10.1007/s12205-016-0705-0 ↗
2. UN (2021, June 01). Sustainable Development Goals. Available online: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment.
3. Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco (Government of the State of Jalisco) (2020, May 15). Plan Estatal de Gobernanza y Desarrollo de Jalisco 2018–2024. Visión 2030. Diagnostico. Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco. Available online: https://plan.jalisco.gob.mx/sites/default/files/2019-09/Diagnostico.pdf.
4. Vuchic, V. (2017). Transportation for Livable Cities, Routledge.10.4324/9781351318167 ↗
5. Macioszek, E., and Kurek, A. (2020). The Use of a Park and Ride System—A Case Study Based on the City of Cracow (Poland). Energies, 13.10.3390/en13133473 ↗
6. Macioszek, E., and Kurek, A. (2021). The Analysis of the Factors Determining the Choice of Park and Ride Facility Using a Multinomial Logit Model. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14010203 ↗
7. Uneven Mobilities, Uneven Opportunities: Social Distribution of Public Transport Accessibility to Jobs and Education in Montevideo10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.017 ↗
8. Transport and Equity in Latin America: A Critical Review of Socially Oriented Accessibility Assessments10.1080/01441647.2020.1711828 ↗
9. A New Evolution for Transport-Related Social Exclusion Research?10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102529 ↗
10. Córdoba España, M. (2010). 2 Décadas En El Desarrollo De JALISCO, Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco. 1990–2010.
11. UITP, International Association of Public Transport (2020, September 15). Zero Emission Mobility for All: How to Achieve Carbon Neutrality. Available online: https://www.uitp.org/news/zero-emission-mobility-for-all-how-to-achieve-carbon-neutrality/.
12. Reducing Violence by Transforming Neighborhoods: A Natural Experiment in Medellin, Colombia10.1093/aje/kwr428 ↗
13. Medina, S., and Patlán, M. (2020, May 15). Modelo de implementación de DOT en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. México: Secretaría de Desarrollo Agrario, Territorial y Urbano, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, ISAID e ITDP. Available online: https://go.itdp.org/download/attachments/45449662/Modelo-de-implementacio%CC%81n-de-DOT-en-la-Zona-Metropolitana-de-Guadalajara.pdf?api=v2.
14. A Tool for Supporting the Design of BRT and LRT Services
15. Sustainable Transit-Oriented Development (STOD). A prospective for Colombia10.15446/bitacora.v29n3.65979 ↗
16. Identifying Preferences for Public Transport Investments under a Constrained Budget10.1016/j.tra.2014.12.002 ↗
17. Clichevsky, N. (2021, March 08). Informalidad y Segregación Urbana en América Latina: Una Aproximación. Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo 28. Santiago de Chile: ECLAC. Available online: https://repositorio.cepal.org//handle/11362/5712.
18. Transporte urbano y globalización: Políticas y efectos en América Latina10.4067/S0250-71612005009400003 ↗
19. Transporte, movilidad y exclusión. El caso de Transantiago en Chile
20. Territorial Public Politics As Networks of Public Policies and Local Governance: The Experience of the Design and Formulation of the Public Policies on Forced Displacement in the Department of Antioquia and the City of Medellín
21. Vasconcellos, E.A., and Mendoca, A. (2020, May 15). CAF Observatorio de Movilidad Urbana: Informe. 2016, Caracas: Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina. Available online: https://www.caf.com/es/conocimiento/datos/observatorio-de-movilidad-urbana/.
22. SEU, Social Exclusion Unit (2003). Making the Connections: Final Report on Transport and Social Exclusion, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Available online: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_policy/---invest/documents/publication/wcms_asist_8210.pdf.
23. Australian Urban Transport and Social Disadvantage10.1111/j.1467-8462.2009.00549.x ↗
24. Transport Accessibility and Social Inequities: A Tool for Identification of Mobility Needs and Evaluation of Transport Investments10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.12.004 ↗
25. Spatial Disparity in Transport Social Needs and Public Transport Provision in Santiago de Cali (Colombia)10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.04.014 ↗
26. Hine, J., and Mitchell, F. (2016). Transport Disadvantage and Social Exclusion: Exclusionary Mechanisms in Transport in Urban Scotland, Routledge. Transport and Society.10.4324/9781315235677 ↗
27. Ferbrache, F. (2019). The Value of Bus Rapid Transit in Urban Spaces. Social and Political Science, Edward Elgar Publishing. Available online: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788110907/9781788110907.00005.xml.10.4337/9781788110914 ↗
28. Hine, J., and Preston, J. (2003). In Integrated Futures and Transport Choices: Uk Transport Policy beyond the 1998 White Paper and Transport Acts. Social Inclusion and Transport, Ashgate.
29. AMELIA: A Tool to Make Transport Policies More Socially Inclusive10.1016/j.tranpol.2008.12.007 ↗
30. Sustainable Urban and Transport Development for Transportation Disadvantaged: A Review10.2174/1874447801004010001 ↗
31. Rethinking the Links between Social Exclusion and Transport Disadvantage through the Lens of Social Capital10.1016/j.tra.2015.02.012 ↗
32. La expansión metropolitana de Guadalajara en el Municipio de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga (México)
33. Housing and Urban Growth in Guadalajara, Mexico10.4324/9781315628127-6 ↗
34. Téllez Vázquez, Y., López Ramírez, J., and Romo Viramontes, R. (2019, March 15). Índice de Marginación Urbana 2010. Consejo Nacional de Población CONAPO. Available online: http://www.conapo.gob.mx/en/CONAPO/Indice_de_marginacion_urbana_2010.
35. Neoliberal governance. Challenges to organise urban mobilities
36. ECLA, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean 2019 (2020, March 08). CEPALSTAT Perfil Social MEX. Available online: http://estadisticas.cepal.org/cepalstat/Perfil_Nacional_Social.html?pais=MEX&idioma=spanish.
37. CONAPO, Consejo Nacional de Población, México (National Population Council, Mexico) (2019, March 15). Índice de Marginación por Entidad Federativa y Municipio 2015. Mexico: National Population Council. Available online: http://www.gob.mx/conapo/documentos/indice-de-marginacion-por-entidad-federativa-y-municipio-2015.
38. Entropías de la movilidad urbana en el espacio metropolitano de Guadalajara: Transporte privado y calidad del aire10.14483/22487638.10725 ↗
39. Castañón Reyes, H.E. (2019, March 15). Caracterizacion del Ciudadano Metropolitano. Guadalajara, México: ONU-Hábitat (UN-Habitat)- Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco (Government of the State of Jalisco). Available online: https://seplan.app.jalisco.gob.mx/biblioteca/archivo/descargarArchivo/2485.
40. Institute for Mobility and Transport of the State of Jalisco (2016). Programa General de Transporte del Estado de Jalisco, El Estado de Jalisco Periódico Oficial.
41. Viajando por sectores no centrales del área metropolitana de Guadalajara, México. La escasez de recursos y de alternativas de transporte como condicionantes de la exclusión social
42. INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (National Institute of Statistics and Geography, Mexico) (2021, March 15). National Survey of Population and Housing, INEGI. Available online: https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2010/.
43. CONANP, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (National Protected Natural Areas Comission) (2019, March 15). Información espacial de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas |CONANP. Available online: http://sig.conanp.gob.mx/website/pagsig/info_shape.htm.
44. Aguirre Quezada, J.P. (2019, March 15). Movilidad Urbana en México. Cuaderno De Investigación 30; Dirección General de Análisis Legislativo. México: Senado de la República Instituto Belisario Domínguez. Available online: http://bibliodigitalibd.senado.gob.mx/bitstream/handle/123456789/3391/Cuaderno%20de%20investigacio%CC%81n%2030%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
45. SITEUR (2020). BRT_Informe_Indicador-2020, SEPLAN.
46. SITEUR (2021, March 08). LRT_Informe_Indicador-2020. Guadalajara, México: SEPLAN. Available online: https://seplan.app.jalisco.gob.mx/mide/panelCiudadano/detalleIndicador/1432.
47. SITEUR (2021, March 08). SITREN_Ficha_Indicador-2020. Guadalajara, México: SEPLAN. Available online: https://seplan.app.jalisco.gob.mx/mide/panelCiudadano/detalleIndicador/1607?dimension=&tema=&dependencia=&nivel=&periodo=&sentido=&sortBusqueda=1&vista=1&palabraClave=sitren&format=&max=10&offset=0&subsistema=1&accionRegreso=busqueda.
48. SITEUR Sistema de Tren Eléctrico Urbano (Urban Electric Train System, Guadalajara) (2019). INFOMEX 04124919. Datos Técnicos de Transporte, Gobierno del Estado.
49. IMEPLAN, Instituto Metropolitano de Planeación (Metropolitan Planning Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico) (2019, March 15). Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara. Expansión urbana. Análisis y prospectiva: 1970–2045, IMEPLAN: Guadalajara. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viacheslav_Shalisko/publication/282657516_Expansion_urbana_Area_Metropolitana_de_Guadalajara_Analisis_y_prospectiva_1970-2045/links/561670dc08ae2467f68640fa/Expansion-urbana-Area-Metropolitana-de-Guadalajara-Analisis-y-prospectiva-1970-2045.pdf.
50. IMEPLAN, Instituto Metropolitano de Planeación (Metropolitan Planning Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico) (2020). Bus Network Geometry in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, IMEPLAN.
51. IEGJal, Instituto de Informaión Territoral del Estado de Jalisco (Institute of Statistical and Geographic Information of the State of Jalisco, Mexico) (2012). Road and Highway Atlas of the State of Jalisco, Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco.
52. INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (National Institute of Statistics and Geography, Mexico) (2019, September 24). SCINCE Web. Available online: http://gaia.inegi.org.mx/scince2/viewer.html.
53. INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (National Institute of Statistics and Geography, Mexico) (2021, March 15). National Road Network. Available online: https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/red-nacional-de-caminos-rnc.
54. IMEPLAN, Instituto Metropolitano de Planeación (Metropolitan Planning Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico) (2021, March 15). INFOMEX 04124919. Datos Técnicos de Transporte. Available online: https://www.secciones.hacienda.gob.mx/work/models/sci/cartera_publica/#/busqueda.
55. Identifying Public Transport Gaps Using Time-Dependent Accessibility Levels10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.09.008 ↗
56. SEDATU, Secretaría de Desarrollo Agrícola, Territorial y Urbano, México (Ministry of Agrarian, Territorial and Urban Development, Mexico) (2017). Manual De Calles. Diseño Vial Para Ciudades Mexicanas, SEDATU.
57. Quantifying Spatial Gaps in Public Transport Supply Based on Social Needs10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.12.002 ↗
58. Metropolitan expansion and mobility: The case of Caracas
59. Kitchin, R., and Thrift, N. (2009). Transport and Social Exclusion. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Elsevier.10.1016/B978-008044910-4.01034-8 ↗
60. Nature and/or Nurture? Analyzing the Determinants of Transit Ridership across US Urbanized Areas10.1016/j.tra.2008.06.007 ↗
61. UN-Habitat (2013). Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility, Routledge.10.4324/9781315857152 ↗
62. Finding Mobility: Women Negotiating Fear and Violence in Mexico City’s Public Transit System10.1080/0966369X.2015.1034240 ↗
63. Exploring Public Transport Equity between Separate Disadvantaged Cohorts: A Case Study in Perth, Australia10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.01.011 ↗
64. Non-Stop Equity: Assessing Daily Intersections between Transit Accessibility and Social Disparity across the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA)10.1177/0265813515617659 ↗
65. A Multi-Dimensional View of Transport-Related Social Exclusion: A Comparative Study of Greater Perth and Sydney10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.009 ↗
66. Spatial Analysis of Social Exclusion from a Transportation Perspective: A Case Study of Ankara Metropolitan Area10.1016/j.cities.2017.04.013 ↗
67. Spatial Relationships between Mobility Opportunities and Constraints of Transport Disadvantages: The Case of Santiago de Cali, Colombia10.2495/UT170111 ↗
68. Unravelling Invisible Inequalities in the City through Urban Daily Mobility. The Case of Santiago de Chile
69. Using Lorenz Curves to Assess Public Transport Equity10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.02.008 ↗
70. Equity in Job Accessibility and Environmental Quality in a Segmented Housing Market: The Case of Greater London10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102908 ↗
71. Accessibility, Mobility and Transport-Related Social Exclusion10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2006.05.002 ↗
72. Multimodal Accessibility-Based Equity Assessment of Urban Public Facilities Distribution10.1016/j.scs.2019.101633 ↗
73. CONEVAL (2019). Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy, Mexico), CONEVAL. Metodologia-medicion-multidimensional-3er-edicion.pdf.
74. Atravesando La Espesura de La Ciudad: Vida Cotidiana y Barreras de Accesibilidad de Los Habitantes de La Periferia Urbana de Santiago de Chile
75. IMEPLAN, Instituto Metropolitano de Planeación (Metropolitan Planning Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico) (2019, March 15). Programa de Desarrollo Metropolitano del Área Metropolitana 2.0 Guadalajara, 2042. Available online: http://imeplan.mx/sites/default/files/IMEPLAN/PDM-Vjunta_2.pdf.
76. Herrera, L. (2019, March 15). El tren que arrolló a la ONU. El Proyecto de Ampliación de la Línea 1 del Tren de Guadalajara que Vigiló en su Gasto Naciones Unidas, Terminó con un Sobrecosto Millonario. Available online: https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/el-tren-que-arrollo-a-la-onu-vigilancia-gasto-sobrecosto-obras/.
77. Intermodal Connectivity to BRT: A Comparative Analysis of Bogotá and Curitiba10.5038/2375-0901.15.2.1 ↗