The Laboratory-Based HySpex Features of Chlorite as the Exploration Tool for High-Grade Iron Ore in Anshan-Benxi Area, Liaoning Province, Northeast China
Source abstract
Abstract
Anshan-Benxi area in Liaoning province is an important banded iron formations (BIFs) ore-mining district in China. Chlorite is widely distributed in this area, which is related to BIFs and high-grade iron ore, respectively. A fast and convenient method to identify the type and spatial distribution of different chlorites is crucial to the evaluation of high-grade iron ore in this area. Qidashan iron mine is a typical BIFs deposit, and its BIFs-related high-grade iron ore reserves are the second largest in the area. In this paper, the laboratory-based HySpex-320m hyperspectral imaging was used to study the wall rock in Qidashan iron mine. A hyperspectral imaging processing model was established for mineral identification, mineralogy mapping, and chlorite spectral features extraction. The results show that the wavelength positions of OH, Fe-OH, and Mg-OH absorptions of chlorite in the altered wall rock of high-grade iron ore are between 1400 and 1410, 2260 and 2265, and 2360 and 2370 nm, respectively, which are longer than those around BIFs. The relationship between cations in the octahedral layer of chlorite and the wavelengths of OH, Fe-OH, and Mg-OH indicates that Mg and Mg/(Mg + Fe) are inversely related to these wavelengths, whereas Fe is positively related. The wavelengths appear to be weakly influenced by AlVI. Since the bandpass of hyperspectral imaging systems is usually less than 10 nm, these chlorite wavelength differences can be used as a favorable tool for the high-grade iron ore exploration and the iron resources evaluation in the Anshan-Benxi area.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping · Remote-Sensing Image Classification · Mineral Processing and Grinding
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Division of Earth and Planetary Science & Laboratory for Space Research, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. Water frost and ice: The near-infrared spectral reflectance 0.65–2.5 μm10.1029/JB086iB04p03087 ↗
2. Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy: 1. Theory10.1029/JB086iB04p03039 ↗
3. Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications10.1029/JB089iB07p06329 ↗
4. Mineral mapping in the Kap Simpson complex, central East Greenland, using HyMap and ASTER remote sensing data10.1016/j.asr.2010.08.021 ↗
5. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to sensor based sorting of a porphyry copper ore10.1016/j.mineng.2013.12.016 ↗
6. Discriminating ore and waste in a porphyry copper deposit using short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imagery10.1016/j.mineng.2016.12.013 ↗
7. Spectral characteristics of propylitic alteration minerals as a vectoring tool for porphyry copper deposits10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.10.019 ↗
8. Mapping of diagenetic processes in sandstones using imaging spectroscopy: A case study of the Utrillas Formation, Burgos, Spain10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.03.010 ↗
9. Greenberger, R.N., Ehlmann, B.L., Jewell, P.W., Birgenheier, L.P., and Green, R.O. (2016, January 23). Detection of organic-rich oil shales of the green river formation, Utah, with ground-based imaging spectroscopy. Proceedings of the 2016 8th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing, Los Angeles, CA, USA.10.1109/WHISPERS.2016.8071807 ↗
10. Determination of Carbonate Rock Chemistry Using Laboratory-Based Hyperspectral Imagery10.3390/rs6054149 ↗
11. Using HySpex SWIR-320m hyperspectral data for the identification and mapping of minerals in hand specimens of carbonate rocks from the Ankloute Formation (Agadir Basin, Western Morocco)10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.04.003 ↗
12. Mineral footprints of the Paleoproterozoic sediment-hosted Abra Pb-Zn-Cu-Au deposit Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.11.004 ↗
13. Formation mechanism of Gongchangling high-grade magnetite deposit hosted in Archean BIF, Anshan-Benxi area, Northeastern China10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.09.013 ↗
14. Desilicification and iron activation–reprecipitation in the high-grade magnetite ores in BIFs of the Anshan-Benxi area, China: Evidence from geology, geochemistry and stable isotopic characteristics10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.02.011 ↗
15. Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and Principles of Spectroscopy
16. High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals10.1029/JB095iB08p12653 ↗
17. Spectral characteristics of chlorites and Mg-serpentines using high-resolution reflectance spectroscopy10.1029/JB094iB10p13997 ↗
18. Spectral signatures of particulate minerals in the visible and near infrared10.1190/1.1440721 ↗
19. Near-infrared (1.3–2.4) μm spectra of alteration minerals—Potential for use in remote sensing10.1190/1.1440951 ↗
20. Reflectance and emission spectroscopy study of four groups of phyllosilicates: Smectites, kaolinite-serpentines, chlorites and micas10.1180/claymin.2008.043.1.03 ↗
21. Infrared Spectroscopic Analyses on the Nature of Water in Montmorillonite10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420606 ↗
22. Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Chlorite Minerals10.1155/2018/6958260 ↗
23. Burns, R.G. (1993). Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory, Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511524899 ↗
24. Infrared spectral reflectance characterization of the hydrothermal alteration at the Tuwu Cu–Au deposit, Xinjiang, China10.1007/s00126-005-0479-7 ↗
25. Sedimentary facies of iron-formation10.2113/gsecongeo.49.3.235 ↗
26. Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth10.1016/j.gr.2013.02.007 ↗
27. Consideration of smoothing techniques for hyperspectral remote sensing10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2005.11.002 ↗
28. Fraser, S.J., Whitbourn, L., Yang, K., Ramanaidou, E., Connor, P., Poropat, G., Soole, P., Mason, P., Coward, D., and Phillips, R. (2006, January 21). Mineralogical Face-Mapping Using Hyperspectral Scanning for Mine Mapping and Control. Proceedings of the 6th International Mining Geology Conference, Darwin, NT, Australia.
29. A Combined Derivative Spectroscopy and Savitzky-Golay Filtering Method for the Analysis of Hyperspectral Data10.2747/1548-1603.45.1.1 ↗
30. A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky–Golay filter10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.014 ↗
31. Smoothing and Differentiation of Data by Simplified Least Squares Procedures10.1021/ac60214a047 ↗
32. Methodology and application of Savitzky-Golay moving average polynomial smoother
33. An Optimal Savitzky-golay Filtering Based Vertical Handoff Algorithm in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks10.4304/jcp.9.11.2685-2690 ↗
34. Research and Verification of a Remote Sensing BIF Model Based on Spectral Reflectance Characteristics10.1007/s12524-019-00965-z ↗
35. Mapping alteration minerals at prospect, outcrop and drill core scales using imaging spectrometry10.1080/01431161.2011.600350 ↗
36. Boardman, J.W. (1995, January 17). Analysis, understanding and visualization of hyperspectral data last convex sets in n-space. Proceedings of the SPIE Defense and Security-The International Scoiety for Optical Engineering, Orlando, FL, USA.10.1117/12.210878 ↗
37. The spectral image processing system (SIPS)—Interactive visualization and analysis of imaging spectrometer data10.1016/0034-4257(93)90013-N ↗
38. Near infrared spectra of muscovite, Tschermak substitution, and metamorphic reaction progress: Implications for remote sensing10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0621:NISOMT>2.3.CO;2 ↗
39. Spectral reflectance of carbonate mineral mixtures and bidirectional reflectance theory: Quantitative analysis techniques for application in remote sensing10.1080/02757259509532297 ↗
40. Hyperspectral image analysis of different carbonate lithologies (limestone, karst and hydrothermal dolomites): The Pozalagua Quarry case study (Cantabria, North-west Spain)10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01269.x ↗
41. Effect of Grain Size and Mineral Mixing on Carbonate Absorption Features in the SWIR and TIR Wavelength Regions10.3390/rs4040987 ↗
42. An infrared spectral reflectance study of hydrothermal alteration minerals from the Te Mihi sector of the Wairakei geothermal system, New Zealand10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00004-3 ↗
43. McLeod, R.L., Gabell, A.R., and Gardavsky, V. (1987, January 1). Chlorite infrared spectral data as proximity indicators of volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralisation. Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast, Australia.
44. Types and general characteristics of the BIF-related iron deposits in China10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.09.014 ↗
45. Metallogenic epoch of high-grade iron ore deposits of iron activation and enrichment genesis in Anshan-Benxi area of Liaoning: Re-Os isotopic dating evidence of molybdenite from Qidashan iron deposit
46. The genesis of Gongchangling high-grade iron ores, Anshan-Benxi area, Liaoning province, NE China: Evidence from Fe-Si-O-S isotopes
47. Genesis of Gongchanglin iron deposit
48. Alteration mapping in exploration: Application of short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy