Electrophysiological Characterization of Aloe vera Under Abiotic Stress: A Quantitative Basis for Plant-Based Biodosimetry

Environmental monitoring across extensive regions is often constrained by the high costs of conventional laboratory analysis. This study proposes a methodology for electrophysiological characterization of Aloe vera as a potential biological dosimeter for low-cost environmental sensing. Using an ATMega328P-based acquisition system with high-input-impedance signal conditioning, we recorded plant biopotentials under controlled abiotic stressors. Signal variations were evaluated as a function of leaf morphology, electrode placement, and environmental variables, including light intensity, soil moisture, water saturation, and pH. The statistical validation included Jaccard similarity coefficients for repeatability and Kruskal–Wallis tests for group comparisons. The measurements showed highly repeatable baseline behavior (Jaccard similarity in the range 0.95–0.99) and significant differences across stress conditions, particularly under changes in light intensity. These findings support the feasibility of using Aloe vera electrophysiological signals as a robust and low-cost basis for developing plant-based biosensing approaches in environmental monitoring applications.