Comparative Assessment of Functionalized Geopolymers
Source abstract
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of geopolymers, focusing on structure–property relationships and functionalization strategies for sustainable applications. A structured narrative review methodology was adopted, following PRISMA principles, based on literature retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and MDPI databases, primarily covering the period 2015–2025. The influence of precursor type, alkaline activators, and Si–Al ratio on reaction kinetics, microstructure, porosity, and mechanical performance is systematically discussed. Functionalization approaches using additives are critically reviewed with respect to durability, fire resistance, photocatalytic activity, and antibacterial performance. The analysis highlights that the geopolymer matrix primarily acts as stable and versatile support, while functional performance is governed by the controlled integration of active particles. Key limitations related to the variability of raw materials, lack of standardization, and long-term durability are identified. Future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the need for standardized processing protocols and the application-oriented design of multifunctional geopolymer systems.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Microbial Applications in Construction Materials · Clay minerals and soil interactions
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Doctoral School Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 313, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Pitesti University Centre, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
Faculty of Electronics, Communication and Computers, Pitesti University Centre, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
Regional Center of Research & Development for Materials, Processes and Innovative Products Dedicated to the Automotive Industry (CRCD-AUTO), Pitesti University Centre, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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