journal article·2026-01-29Open access

Assessment of eHealth Literacy and Its Association with Oral Health Behavior Among Outpatients of a Dental College in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

Kiran Iyer, Moataz Almana, Saud Alhindi, Nasser Alqarni, Abdulaziz Alqahtani, Nasser Ghazi Almanei, Ahmed Bin Obaid

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 3

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Digital platforms have increased access to health information. The eHEALS scale evaluates individuals’ capabilities for accessing, assessing, and assimilating health information to help them make well-informed oral health decisions. It would be interesting to examine the association with oral health behavior (OHB), as digital platforms are increasingly seen as a “super social determinant”. Hence, the present study aimed to assess eHealth literacy levels and their association with oral health behaviors among dental outpatients at a dental college in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using the eHEALS questionnaire was conducted after translation into Arabic, with additional questions on oral health behaviors. The internal consistency of the translated questionnaire was good. A total of 213 patients were recruited from the dental college’s outpatient department. Chi-square, followed by multinomial regression, was used in the statistical analysis. Results: The mean total eHEALS score in the sampled population was 26.17 (±7.5) of the 213 participants, with 108 (50.7%) having good oral health behavior practices. The elderly age group (OR 2.67, p = 0.01, CI 1.25–5.68), school-level education (OR 2.82, p = 0.03, CI 1.41–5.66), and low monthly family income (OR 2.53, p = 0.01, CI 1.25–5.11) were significantly associated with inadequate eHealth literacy. Participants with good oral health behavior had significantly lower odds of being categorized into inadequate (OR 0.41, p = 0.01, CI 0.20–0.81) or problematic (OR 0.43, p = 0.01, CI 0.22–0.85) levels of eHealth literacy. Conclusions: There is a significant association between eHealth literacy and individuals’ oral health behavior practices. Age, monthly family income, and education were key predictors of eHealth literacy levels.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Health Literacy and Information Accessibility · Dental Research and COVID-19 · Dental Health and Care Utilization

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia

King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia

College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia

Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia

Restorative and Prosthodontic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia

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