journal article·2026-01-27Open access

Dynamic Characterization of an Industrial Electrical Network Using MicroPMU Data

Julio Cesar Ramírez Acero, Ricardo Isaza-Ruget, Javier Rosero-García

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 3

Abstract

The growing penetration of power electronics and nonlinear loads in industrial electrical networks has increased the dynamic complexity of these systems, exceeding the analysis capabilities of traditional approaches based on quasi-stationary models. In this context, this paper presents a methodology for the dynamic characterization of an industrial electrical network based on high-resolution synchrophasor measurements obtained using a microPMU. The proposed approach is based on the identification of a linear dynamic model in state space using subspace techniques based on real data recorded during a short-duration transient event. The results show that the identified model is capable of adequately capturing local underdamped dynamics and reproducing the temporal response observed in the measurements. This evidences the presence of dynamic modes associated with the interaction between the network and power electronics-based devices. Similarly, the stability analysis of the identified model demonstrates its consistency and robust gains in temporal variations within the analysis window. Overall, the results confirm that the combination of microPMU and data-based modeling techniques is an effective tool for improving dynamic observability and understanding the transient behavior of industrial power grids, complementing classical analysis and simulation methods.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Power System Optimization and Stability · Control Systems and Identification · Model Reduction and Neural Networks

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia

Electrical Machines & Drivers (EM&D) Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia

Funding

Electrical Machines and Drives (EM&D) from Universidad Nacional de Colombia

References (30)

Show source-provided references
1. A Novel Limited Grid-Forming Strategy to Support Power System Stability under Primary Energy Source Limitations10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.476 ↗
2. Malik, F.H., Khan, M.W., Rahman, T.U., Ehtisham, M., Faheem, M., Haider, Z.M., and Lehtonen, M. (2024). A Comprehensive Review on Voltage Stability in Wind-Integrated Power Systems. Energies, 17.10.3390/en17030644 ↗
3. Danish, M.S.S., Senjyu, T., Danish, S.M.S., Sabory, N.R., Narayanan, K., and Mandal, P. (2019). A recap of voltage stability indices in the past three decades. Energies, 12.10.20944/preprints201901.0265.v1 ↗
4. Mu, R., Zhang, Y., Wan, X., Wang, D., Wen, T., Zhou, Z., Sun, L., and Yang, B. (2025). Analysis and Mitigation of Wideband Oscillations in PV-Dominated Weak Grids: A Comprehensive Review. Processes, 13.10.3390/pr13113450 ↗
5. Grüger, B., Steinke, F., Jamal, A., and Griepentrog, G. (2025). Grid-following Converter Dynamics under Large Sub-synchronous Voltage Fluctuations. Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech, Kiel, Germany, 29 June–3 July 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180529 ↗
6. Choudhury, S., Hebing, A., Pfendler, A., Sturm, N., Xiao, X., and Hanson, J. (2025). Frequency Stability and Fast Frequency Response in Hybrid AC-DC Transmission Grids: A Comparative Study of EMT and RMS Modeling Approaches. Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE PowerTech, Kiel, Germany, 29 June–3 July 2025, IEEE.10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180575 ↗
7. Mitrovic, A., Strezoski, L., and Loparo, K.A. (2025). Doubly Fed Induction Machine Models for Integration into Grid Management Software for Improved Post Fault Response Calculation Accuracy—A Short Review. Energies, 18.10.3390/en18010147 ↗
8. Assessing data-driven state estimation performance in low-voltage distribution grids10.1049/icp.2025.1820 ↗
9. Rind, Y.M., Raza, M.H., Zubair, M., Mehmood, M.Q., and Massoud, Y. (2023). Smart Energy Meters for Smart Grids, an Internet of Things Perspective. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16041974 ↗
10. Carducci, C.G.C., Pau, M., Cazal, C., Ponci, F., and Monti, A. (2022). SMU Open-Source Platform for Synchronized Measurements. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22145074 ↗
11. Mingotti, A., Costa, F., Peretto, L., and Tinarelli, R. (2021). Closed-form expressions to estimate the mean and variance of the total vector error. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14154641 ↗
12. ETG-Fb (2025). 174: Transformation der Stromversorgung—Netzregelung und Systemfuhrung, VDE Verlag.
13. Kiangebeni Lusimbakio, K., Boketsu Lokanga, T., Sedi Nzakuna, P., Paciello, V., Nzuru Nsekere, J.-P., and Tshimanga Tshipata, O. (2025). Evaluation of the Impact of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Integration into the Grid: A Case Study of the Western Transmission Network in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Energies, 18.10.3390/en18030639 ↗
14. Gao, S., Liu, E., Wu, Z., Li, J., and Zhang, M. (2025). Neural ODE-Based Frequency Stability Assessment and Control of Energy Storage Systems. Appl. Sci., 15.10.3390/app152212048 ↗
15. Lala, J.O., Garzón, N.O., Mora, H.C., Echeverria, D., Vega-Sánchez, J., and Ohishi, T. (2025). Characterization of Power System Oscillation Modes Using Synchrophasor Data and a Modified Variational Decomposition Mode Algorithm. Energies, 18.10.3390/en18112693 ↗
16. Grasso Toro, F., and Frigo, G. (2025). Synthetic PMU Data Generator for Smart Grids Analytics. Metrology, 5.10.3390/metrology5010012 ↗
17. (2011). IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Measurements for Power Systems (Standard No. IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011).
18. Quintero-Durán, M.J., Candelo-Becerra, J.E., González-Niño, M.E., Hernández-Moreno, S.A., and Váz, R.F. (2025). Synchronverter Control Strategy: A Review of Different Improvements and Applications. Energies, 18.10.3390/en18133574 ↗
19. Impact of Mass Electric Mobility on the Power Distribution Network: Case Study of San Andrés Island, Colombia
20. Schaarschmidt, K., Schön, A., Heid, J., Wiemer, J., Fabian, T., and Bornhorst, N. (2025). Transferring Curative System Operation Principles to Distribution Systems: Practical Insights into Opportunities and Challenges. Proceedings of the ETG Kongress 2025 (ETG Fb. 176), VDE Verlag.
21. Zheng, Y., Xiao, Z., Hua, L., Guo, Q., Li, C., and Chen, K. (2025). Transient Stability Control Method for Droop-Controlled Photovoltaics, Based on Power Angle Deviation Feedback. Energies, 18.10.3390/en18195126 ↗
22. Fose, N., Krishnamurthy, S., and Moodley, P. (2024). Improved Control Technique for Enhancing Power System Stability in Out-of-Step Conditions. Energies, 17.10.3390/en17164086 ↗
23. Influence of a virtual impedance on the dynamic behavior of the grid-forming control of inverter-based generation plants10.1049/icp.2025.1738 ↗
24. Li, S., Xiao, X., Hebing, A., Jia, Y., Choudhury, S., and Hanson, J. (2025). Lyapunov Stability Analysis of Grid Forming Converters Using Sum of Squares Optimization. Proceedings of the IET Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2025), IET.10.1049/icp.2025.1213 ↗
25. Al Mahdouri, E., Al-Abri, S., Yousef, H., Al-Naimi, I., and Obeid, H. (2025). Physics-Informed Neural Networks in Grid-Connected Inverters: A Review. Energies, 18.10.3390/en18205441 ↗
26. Voss, L., Stursberg, P., Metzger, M., Hofbauer, P., Erhard, S., and Niessen, S. (2025). Probabilistic Switch State Identification Based on Scarce Grid Measurements: A Case Study on German Distribution Grids. ETG-Fb. 176: ETG Kongress 2025, VDE Verlag.
27. Adhikari, P.M., Vanfretti, L., Chang, H., and Kar, K. (2023). Real-Time Control of a Battery Energy Storage System Using a Reconfigurable Synchrophasor-Based Control System. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16196909 ↗
28. Akıl, Y., Boynuegri, A.R., and Yilmaz, M. (2025). Robust Detection of Microgrid Islanding Events Under Diverse Operating Conditions Using RVFLN. Energies, 18.10.3390/en18174470 ↗
29. Baudette, M., Vanfretti, L., and Tyagi, S. (2024). S3DK: An Open Source Toolkit for Prototyping Synchrophasor Applications. Electronics, 13.10.3390/electronics13081513 ↗
30. Hebing, A., Jung, L., and Hanson, J. (2025). Sensitivity Analysis of a Grid-Forming Droop Control System for Power Converters. Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech, Kiel, Germany, 29 June–3 July 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.10.1109/PowerTech59965.2025.11180447 ↗