journal article·2025-12-20Open access

A Monte Carlo Based Method for Assessing Energy-Related Operational Risks in Railway Undertakings

Piotr Gołębiowski, Jacek Kukulski, Ignacy Góra, Yaroslav Bolzhelarskyi

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 1

Abstract

The main task of a railway undertaking is to transport passengers and/or freight safely and cost-effectively. This task is enabled by the use of energy carriers. Since most of the rolling stock operated by major railway undertakings is electric, an additional area of activity involves managing electricity consumption and supply processes. Every business activity entails risk, including energy-related operations. The aim of this paper is to develop a method for assessing the risks associated with a railway undertaking from an electrical perspective and, based on this method, to perform such an assessment. As part of the research, a universal risk assessment approach based on the M_o_R® (Management of Risk) methodology was developed. Risk identification was performed using the risk description principle, followed by risk estimation. The study proposes national-level variables and a procedure for determining them using publicly available data. Risk assessment and process evaluation were carried out using Monte Carlo simulation as a probabilistic tool for uncertainty propagation. As a result, the potential losses and gains that a railway undertaking may experience from an electrical perspective were estimated for scenarios in which the identified risks materialize.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Transport and Logistics Innovations · Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency · Risk and Safety Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland

Office of Rail Transport, 02-305 Warsaw, Poland

Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine

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