journal article·2025-11-09Open access

GNN-DRL Optimization Scheduling Method for Damaged Equipment Maintenance Tasks

Mingjie Jiang, Tiejun Jiang, Lijun Guo, Shaohua Liu

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 22

Abstract

Aiming at the problems that traditional heuristic algorithms struggle to capture the complex correlations between damaged equipment and dynamically adjust maintenance task requirements in different task scenarios, the Graph Neural Network (GNN) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) optimization scheduling method for damaged equipment maintenance tasks is proposed, the purpose is to enhance the efficiency of optimization scheduling in dynamic scenarios. By constructing an attribute graph of damaged equipment and maintenance units, Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and Graph Attention Network (GAT) are utilized to mine the correlations between nodes. A hierarchical reward function is designed in conjunction with DRL to dynamically adjust the multi-objective weights of maximizing importance, minimizing maintenance time. Hard and soft constraints such as maintenance skill matching, spare parts inventory, and threat thresholds are incorporated into the multi-objective optimization model to achieve real-time scheduling of maintenance tasks in an uncertain task environment. Case studies show that this method can effectively balance multi-objective conflicts through dynamic weight adjustment and online re-optimization mechanisms, making it suitable for multi-constraint task scenarios, compared with the Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) algorithm. GNN-DRL reduces the number of convergence iterations by 40%, improves the learning efficiency by 40%, and enhances the quality of the optimal solution by 11%, effectively improving the efficiency of maintenance task scheduling for damaged equipment.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Reliability and Maintenance Optimization · Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques · Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China

Unit No. 91976, Guangzhou 510080, China

References (26)

Show source-provided references
1. Optimizing opportunistic preventive maintenance strategy for multi-unit system of CNC lathe10.1007/s12206-021-1213-9 ↗
2. An optimizing maintenance policy for airborne redundant systems operating with faults by using Markov process and NSGA-II10.1016/j.ress.2023.109257 ↗
3. Xu, X., Wang, S., Kang, F., Li, S., Li, Q., and Wu, T. (2024). Multi-attribute decision-making method in preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement based on optimized triangular fuzzy number. Sustainability, 16.10.3390/su16072787 ↗
4. A Fuzzy-AHP decision-making framework for optimizing software maintenance and deployment in information security systems10.1002/smr.2758 ↗
5. An integrated heuristic and mathematical modelling method to optimize vehicle maintenance schedule under single dead-end track parking and service level agreement10.1016/j.cor.2021.105261 ↗
6. A dynamic “predict, then optimize” preventive maintenance approach using operational intervention data10.1016/j.ejor.2022.01.037 ↗
7. Optimising resource-constrained fleet selective maintenance with asynchronous maintenance breaks10.1080/00207543.2024.2403114 ↗
8. Guerrero, A., Juan, A.A., Garcia-Sanchez, A., and Pita-Romero, L. (2024). Optimizing maintenance of energy supply systems in city logistics with heuristics and reinforcement learning. Mathematics, 12.10.3390/math12193140 ↗
9. Distributed Multi-UAV trajectory planning for downlink transmission: A GNN-Enhanced DRL approach10.1109/LWC.2024.3480152 ↗
10. Multiobjective optimization of energy efficiency and fairness in AAV-Assisted wireless powered MEC systems: A DRL-Based approach10.1109/JIOT.2025.3566865 ↗
11. DRL-Based trajectory optimization and task offloading in hierarchical aerial MEC10.1109/JIOT.2024.3480248 ↗
12. Distributed routing and data scheduling in IPNs with GNN-Based multiagent DRL10.1109/JIOT.2025.3547341 ↗
13. Multiagent DRL-Based demand response optimization for IoT-Based smart home energy management systems10.1109/JIOT.2025.3562137 ↗
14. Optimization model for wireless charging and power saving of smart canes for the visually impaired based on DRL10.1016/j.asej.2025.103404 ↗
15. Order dispatching via GNN-Based optimization algorithm for on-demand food delivery10.1109/TITS.2024.3389090 ↗
16. Luo, H., Wei, J., Zhao, S., Liang, A., Xu, Z., and Jiang, R. (2025). Enhancing robot route optimization in smart logistics with transformer and GNN Integration. arXiv.
17. Efficient and accurate ECO leakage optimization framework with GNN and bidirectional LSTM10.1109/TVLSI.2023.3283256 ↗
18. Cao, P., Li, Z., and Ding, W. (2025). A GNN-Based placement optimization guidance framework by physical and timing prediction. Electronics, 14.10.3390/electronics14020329 ↗
19. A resource optimization scheduling model and algorithm for heterogeneous computing clusters based on GNN and RL10.1007/s11227-024-06383-4 ↗
20. Secure cloud computing: Leveraging GNN and leader K-means for intrusion detection optimization10.1038/s41598-024-81442-7 ↗
21. TransEdge: Task offloading with GNN and DRL in Edge-Computing-Enabled transportation systems10.1109/JIOT.2024.3443866 ↗
22. Miao, W., Zhao, X., Wang, C., Chen, S., Gao, P., and Li, Q. (2024). A Gnn-Enhanced ant colony optimization for security strategy orchestration. Symmetry, 16.10.3390/sym16091183 ↗
23. Orfanoudakis, S., Panda, N.K., Palensky, P., and Vergara, P.P. (2025). GNN-DT: Graph neural network enhanced decision transformer for efficient optimization in dynamic environments. arXiv.
24. Varbella, A., Briens, D., Gjorgiev, B., D’Inverno, G.A., and Sansavini, G. (2024). Physics-Informed GNN for non-linear constrained optimization: PINCO a solver for the AC-optimal power flow. arXiv.
25. Du, Z., Yin, H., Zhang, X., Hu, H., Liu, T., Hou, M., Giannelos, S., and Strbac, G. (2025, January 23–25). Decarbonisation of Data Centre Networks through Computing Power Migration. Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computer Communication and Artificial Intelligence (CCAI), Haikou, China.10.1109/CCAI65422.2025.11189418 ↗
26. Kaloev, M., and Krastev, G. (2023, January 23–25). Custom Learning Rates for Reinforcement Learning: Visual Exploration and Guideline Development. Proceedings of the 2023 7th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Applications (ISAS), Istanbul, Turkey.10.1109/ISAS60782.2023.10391644 ↗