journal article·2025-10-30Open access

Research on Multi-Constraint QoS Routing Based on Improved Whale Algorithm

Yansheng Niu, Dongri Shan

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 21

Abstract

With the expansion of network scale, the distance between routing nodes increases, and various routing constraints cause significant interference to the optimization process of traditional routing algorithms. To address this issue, based on the DSR routing protocol, this paper proposes a multi-constraint QoS routing algorithm based on an improved whale optimization algorithm. Specifically, the linear convergence factor in the original WOA is adjusted to a nonlinear one, which balances the global exploration capability and local exploitation capability of the algorithm. Additionally, an inertia weight strategy is introduced: this not only accelerates the convergence of the population but also enables the algorithm to escape local optimal solutions in a timely manner. Simulation results demonstrate that the routing protocol based on the improved WOA ensures QoS routing optimization capability and improves the efficiency of optimal path search.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks · Mobile Ad Hoc Networks · Network Traffic and Congestion Control

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China

School of Electronics and Information, Aerospace Information Technology University, Jinan 250200, China

Funding

Shandong Province Major Scientific and Technological Innovation · Project Contract of Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program

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