journal article·2025-08-29Open access

IP Spoofing Detection Using Deep Learning

İsmet Kaan Çekiş, Buğra Ayrancı, Fezayim Numan Salman, İlker Özçelik

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 17

Abstract

IP spoofing is a critical component in many cyberattacks, enabling attackers to evade detection and conceal their identities. This study rigorously compares eight deep learning models—LSTM, GRU, CNN, MLP, DNN, RNN, ResNet1D, and xLSTM—for their efficacy in detecting IP spoofing attacks. Overfitting was mitigated through techniques such as dropout, early stopping, and normalization. Models were trained using binary cross-entropy loss and the Adam optimizer. Performance was assessed via accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and inference time, with each model executed a total of 15 times to account for stochastic variability. Results indicate a powerful performance across all models, with LSTM and GRU demonstrating superior detection efficacy. After ONNX conversion, the MLP and DNN models retained their performance while achieving significant reductions in inference time, miniaturized model sizes, and platform independence. These advancements facilitated the effective utilization of the developed systems in real-time network security applications. The comprehensive performance metrics presented are crucial for selecting optimal IP spoofing detection strategies tailored to diverse application requirements, serving as a valuable reference for network anomaly monitoring and targeted attack detection.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Malware Detection Techniques · Network Security and Intrusion Detection · Cryptographic Implementations and Security

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26480, Türkiye

Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26480, Türkiye

Funding

Doruk İletişim ve Otomasyon Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. (DORUKNET)

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