Analysis of Employees’ Visual Perception During Training in the Field of Occupational Safety in Construction

The article presents the results of research on improving construction safety using the eye tracking method. The analysis was carried out during training in the field of construction safety. Eye tracker allows for analysis of the way in which training participants process visual information and elements that attract their attention and the effectiveness of learning the principles of work safety. Eye tracking studies, in the aspect of construction safety, determine the effectiveness of training in this area. Moreover, the main advantage of such studies lies in the possibility of identifying elements of the construction site that are omitted or misunderstood by training participants, and which are important from the point of view of safe implementation of construction works. The study found that employees achieved the highest level of error detection (70%), with a shorter fixation time (240 ms), suggesting the role of experience and cognitive automation. Post-trained students demonstrated the longest fixation time (350 ms) and moderate error detection (35%), suggesting greater cognitive engagement but lower efficiency than experts. Students without training achieved the lowest results (30% detection, 200 ms FT), which is related to a lack of knowledge and experience. ANOVA confirmed statistically significant differences between groups in fixation time (F(3,36) = 244.83; p < 0.0001), with a high confidence level (>99.99%). Tukey’s post hoc test indicated significant differences between untrained and post-trained students and between post-trained students and employees (p < 0.001), underscoring the importance of both training and professional practice.