journal article·2025-08-10Open access

Tensile Behavior of a Fiber-Reinforced Stabilized Soil—Cyclic Loading Frequency Study

António A. S. Correia, Daniel S. Goulart, Paulo J. Venda Oliveira

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 16

Abstract

The present work aims to study the effect of cyclic loading on the tensile behavior of a chemically stabilized sandy soil, whether or not reinforced with polypropylene or sisal fibers. To this end, a series of splitting tensile strength tests were carried out by varying the frequency of the cyclic loading. During cyclic loading a substantial decrease in accumulated plastic axial displacement was observed with rising frequency when fibers were incorporated. On average, the reduction was 28% for polypropylene fibers and 14% for sisal fibers. For the polypropylene fibers, this effect is more pronounced because of a greater number of randomly distributed fibers, creating a strong and dense interlocking network. Regarding the load-displacement characteristics, fiber inclusion leads to a more ductile tensile response, which is identified by a secondary peak strength and residual strength. The cyclic loading frequency does not show a distinct trend concerning the post-cyclic tensile strength behavior; this behavior is dependent on the mechanical properties of materials (cemented matrix and fibers). Nevertheless, the cyclic stage resulted in an increased post-cyclic tensile strength for sisal fibers (ranging from 23% to 51%), although no clear trend was observed with respect to frequency variation. In contrast, for polypropylene fibers, the cyclic stage resulted in a more ductile tensile mechanical response, with post-cyclic tensile strength increasing from 1% to 16% as the frequency decreased.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization · Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics · Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Civil Engineering, CERES, University of Coimbra, R. Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, R. Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal

Department of Civil Engineering, ISISE, University of Coimbra, R. Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal

Funding

R&D Units ISISE · CERES · ARISE

References (84)

Show source-provided references
1. Study on engineering properties of sand strengthened by mixed fibers and polyurethane organic polymer10.1007/s10064-020-01751-9 ↗
2. Engineering Properties of Soils Reinforced by Short Discrete Polypropylene Fiber10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000129 ↗
3. On the small-strain stiffness of polypropylene fibre-sand mixtures10.1680/jgein.18.00037 ↗
4. Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the unconfined compressive strength of straw fiber-reinforced soil10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.03.004 ↗
5. Study on Strength Influence Mechanism of Fiber-Reinforced Expansive Soil Using Jute10.1007/s10706-016-0028-4 ↗
6. A simple review of soil reinforcement by using natural and synthetic fibers10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.045 ↗
7. Effect of Random Inclusion of Polypropylene Fibers on Strength Characteristics of Cohesive Soil10.1007/s10706-011-9445-6 ↗
8. On the Strength of Fibre-Reinforced Soils10.3208/sandf.51.601 ↗
9. The mechanics of fibre-reinforced sand10.1680/geot.8.P.159 ↗
10. Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Isotropic Compression Behavior of a Sand10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:11(1434) ↗
11. Effect of Anisotropy of Fibers on the Stress-Strain Response of Fiber-Reinforced Soil10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000392 ↗
12. Tensile strength of fiber-reinforced soil10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001546 ↗
13. Dynamic properties of polypropylene fibre-reinforced silica quarry sand10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.05.035 ↗
14. Dynamic behavior of fiber-reinforced soil under freeze-thaw cycles10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.07.022 ↗
15. Cyclic shear behaviour of fibre-reinforced mine tailings10.1680/gein.15.00005 ↗
16. Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on unconfined compressive strength of fine-grained soil treated with jute fiber, steel fiber and lime
17. Influences of silica fume particles and polyethylene terephthalate fibers on the mechanical characteristics of cement-treated sandy soil using ultrasonic pulse velocity10.1007/s10064-021-02494-x ↗
18. Effect of post-construction moisture condition on mechanical behaviour of Fiber-reinforced-cemented-sand (FRCS)10.1080/17486025.2021.1980230 ↗
19. Effects of fibre type and content on unconfined compressive strength of fibre-reinforced lime or cement-stabilised soils10.1080/17486025.2021.1984589 ↗
20. Effects of polypropylene fiber inclusion on the strength and volume change characteristics of cement-fly ash stabilized clay soil10.1680/gein.13.00016 ↗
21. Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.11.002 ↗
22. Use of steel and polypropylene fibers to improve flexural performance of deep soil–cement column10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.040 ↗
23. Effect of polypropylene fibres on the compressive and tensile strength of a soft soil, artificially stabilised with binders10.1016/j.geotexmem.2014.11.008 ↗
24. Effect of fibre type on the compressive and tensile strength of a soft soil chemically stabilised10.1680/jgein.15.00040 ↗
25. Split tensile strength of monofilament polypropylene fiber-reinforced cemented sandy soils10.1680/gein.2011.18.2.57 ↗
26. Parameters Controlling Tensile and Compressive Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Cemented Soil10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000555 ↗
27. Variables controlling strength of fibre-reinforced cemented soils10.1680/grim.12.00004 ↗
28. Fiber reinforcement effects on sand considering a wide cementation range10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.11.005 ↗
29. Unconfined compressive strength and ductility of fiber-reinforced cemented sand10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.017 ↗
30. Behavior of cement-stabilized fiber-reinforced pond ash, rice husk ash–soil mixtures10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.07.010 ↗
31. Strength of a stabilised soil reinforced with steel fibres10.1680/jgeen.16.00200 ↗
32. Effect of polypropylene fiber inclusion in kaolin clay stabilized with lime and nano-zeolite considering temperatures of 20 and 40 °C10.1007/s10064-020-02028-x ↗
33. Effect of cyclic loading on the behaviour of a chemically stabilised soft soil reinforced with steel fibres10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.10.006 ↗
34. Effect of the type of soil on the cyclic behaviour of chemically stabilised soils unreinforced and reinforced with polypropylene fibres10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.005 ↗
35. Performance evaluation of silty sand subgrade reinforced with fly ash and fibre10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.001 ↗
36. A constitutive model for unsaturated cemented soils under cyclic loading10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.08.005 ↗
37. Fatigue Cyclic Tests on Artificially Cemented Soil
38. Factors affecting shear modulus degradation of cement treated clay10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.06.013 ↗
39. Degradation of Stiffness of Cemented Calcareous Soil in Cyclic Triaxial Tests10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:7(619) ↗
40. Effect of Cyclic Loading Frequency on the Behavior of a Stabilized Sand Reinforced with Polypropylene and Sisal Fibers10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004012 ↗
41. Cyclic shear response of fibre-reinforced cemented paste backfill10.1680/geolett.12.00042 ↗
42. Behaviour of fibre-reinforced and stabilized clayey soils subjected to cyclic loading
43. Durability and mechanistic characteristics of fiber reinforced soil–cement mixtures10.1080/10298430500489207 ↗
44. Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Cemented Sand Under Static and Cyclic Loads10.1520/GTJ10054J ↗
45. Effect of cyclic loading on the compressive strength of soil stabilized with bassanite–tire mixture10.1007/s10163-017-0617-1 ↗
46. Cyclic Strength and Deformation of Normally Consolidated Clay10.3208/sandf1972.22.3_77 ↗
47. Strain degradation of saturated clay under cyclic loading10.1139/t00-062 ↗
48. Undrained strength behaviour of a cemented marine clay under monotonic and cyclic loading10.1016/S0029-8018(03)00018-0 ↗
49. A constitutive model for cemented clays capturing cementation degradation10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.01.007 ↗
50. Characterizing the permanent deformation Response-Behavior of subgrade material under cyclic loading based on the shakedown theory10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125325 ↗
51. Cumulative plastic strain and shakedown analysis in loess subgrades under intermittent loads10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109224 ↗
52. Cyclic behaviour of clay stabilised with fly-ash based geo-polymer incorporating ground granulated slag10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100430 ↗
53. (1998). Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) (Standard No. ASTM-D2487).
54. (2000). Cement—Part 1: Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements (Standard No. EN-197-1).
55. Taylor, H. (1997). Cement Chemistry, Thomas Telford.10.1680/cc.25929 ↗
56. Goulart, D.S. (2020). Influence of the Fiber Type in the Mechanical Behavior of a Cemented Sandy Soil Under Static and Dynamic Actions. [Master’s Thesis, Univ. of Coimbra].
57. Durability of Natural Fibers for Geotechnical Engineering10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.634.447 ↗
58. A new biodegradable sisal fiber–starch packing composite with nest structure10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.063 ↗
59. Mechanical properties of sisal fibre at elevated temperatures10.1007/BF00356422 ↗
60. Surface roughness of ternary blends: Polypropylene/chitosan/sisal fiber membranes10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.513 ↗
61. Effects of Degradation of Vegetal Fibers on the Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Sand10.1007/s10706-021-01733-y ↗
62. Studies on the durability of natural fibres and the effect of corroded fibres on the strength of mortar10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.09.008 ↗
63. Durability of alkali-sensitive sisal and coconut fibres in ce-ment mortar composites10.1016/S0958-9465(99)00039-6 ↗
64. The improved resistance against the degradation of sisal fibers under the environment of cement hydration by surface coating of graphene oxide (GO) based membranes10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124694 ↗
65. Correlation between hydration of cement and durability of natural fiber-reinforced cement composites10.1016/j.corsci.2016.01.020 ↗
66. Durability of chemically modified sisal fibre in cement-based composites10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117835 ↗
67. EuroSoilStab (2001). Development of design and construction methods to stabilise soft organic soils: Design guide soft soil stabilisation. Industrial and Materials Technologies Programme (Brite-EuRam III), European Commission.
68. Correia, A.A.S. (2011). Applicability of Deep Mixing Technique to the Soft Soil of Baixo Mondego. [PhD Thesis, Univ. of Coimbra].
69. Key Parameters for Strength Control of Artificially Cemented Soils10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:2(197) ↗
70. (2011). Unbound and Hydraulically Bound Mixtures (Standard No. EN-13286-42).
71. (2011). Concrete and Mortar—Determination of the Tension Strength by Diametrical Compression of Cylindrical Test Specimens (Standard No. NBR-7222).
72. (2011). Testing Hardened Concrete (Standard No. EN-12390-6).
73. Effect of Bi-modulus characteristic on the Brazilian disc test: Insights from numerical study10.1016/j.ijrmms.2023.105447 ↗
74. Estimation of the tensile elastic modulus using Brazilian disc by applying diametrically op-posed concentrated loads10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.08.004 ↗
75. Estimation of the bi-modulus of materials through deformation measurement in a Brazilian disk test10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.03.010 ↗
76. Milliken, W.F., and Milliken, D.L. (1995). Race Car Vehicle Dynamics, SAE international.
77. (2004). Unbound and Hydraulically Bound Mixtures—Part 7: Cyclic Load Triaxial Test for Unbound Mixtures (Standard No. EN-13286-7).
78. (2007). Concrete—Part 1: Specification, Performance, Production and Conformity (Standard No. EN-206-1).
79. Potential of corn husk fiber for reinforcing cemented soil with high water content10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121848 ↗
80. Effect of fiber-reinforcement on the strength of cemented soils10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.01.005 ↗
81. Huang, K., Ma, Q., and Ma, D. (2020). Effect of Basalt Fiber on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Metakaolin-Based Cement Clay. Adv. Civ. Eng., 1359163.10.1155/2020/1359163 ↗
82. Static and dynamic behaviour of recycled tyre rubber-filled concrete10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00833-5 ↗
83. Frequency dependent deformation reversibility during cyclic loading10.1080/21663831.2018.1469172 ↗
84. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of PVA Fiber Reinforced Cemented Soil10.1007/s12205-020-0998-x ↗