Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacotechnical Characterization of Plant Powder Tablets Obtained by Direct Compression Process: The Case of Atriplex halimus
Source abstract
Abstract
The present study aims to develop tablets based on plant powder obtained by direct compression. In this work, the effects of two parameters (the powder particle size and the force of compression) have been studied. Powder from the aerial portion of Atriplex halimus was used as a model. The composition of the powder and its technological properties were determined. A compression process study was carried out, and the macroscopic and pharmacotechnical properties of the resulting tablets were studied. Finally, an in vitro dissolution kinetics study in the absence and presence of digestive enzymes was evaluated. Plant powders, with a particle size between 100 and 500 µm, allowed us to have excellent quality tablets after direct compression with a force of 14 KN. The obtained tablets comply with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia standards, they have good swelling and erosive properties, and they have shown good structure after observation with a scanning electron microscope. An in vitro dissolution kinetics study of these tablets composed of 100% plant powder showed that maximum dissolution rates are reached after 5 h of dissolution in the absence of digestive enzymes and 3 h in their presence. This result highlights the potential of plant powder administration as a valuable therapeutic strategy.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems · Microencapsulation and Drying Processes · Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
University of Blida 1, BP 270 Route Soumâa, Blida 09000, Algeria
Department of Human Sciences and Promoting of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University Rome, Via Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. Green Tea Extract Attenuates Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing Hyperlipidemia and Enhancing Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Cholesterol-Fed Rats
2. Yacine, N.B., and Hanane, B. (2022). Sample preparation techniques in biological and pharmaceutical sciences. Analytical Techniques in Biosciences, Academic Press.10.1016/B978-0-12-822654-4.00010-5 ↗
3. Nanodispersions Stabilized by β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges: Application for Simultaneous Enhancement of Bioactivity and Stability of Sage Essential Oil10.1080/03639045.2018.1542705 ↗
4. Effect of Stevia and Pectin Supplementation on Physicochemical Properties, Preservation and In-vivo Hypoglycemic Potential of Orange Nectar10.1111/jfpp.15124 ↗
5. Formulation of a Natural Nanosystem Based on β- Cyclodextrin/Arginine/Xanthan to Increase Antifungal Activity of Salvia Officinalis Essential Oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas)
6. In Vivo Antidiabetic Effect and Antioxidant Potential of Stevia Rebaudiana Mixed with Tragacanth Gum in Orange Nectar10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100147 ↗
7. Medicinal Plant-Based Health Products: Where Is the Medicinal Constituent?10.4103/0253-7613.56063 ↗
8. Nait Bachir, Y. (2022). Natural Drugs for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses Infections (SARS-CoV and COVID-19). Coronavirus Drug Discovery, Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-323-95578-2.00014-5 ↗
9. A Study on The Formulation of Plant Matrix Tablets From Coarse Botanical Materials Using Cinnamon Bark and Areca Nut as The Model Botanical Materials10.7454/psr.v7i2.1094 ↗
10. Hypertension Treatment with Combretum Micranthum or Hibiscus Sabdariffa, as Decoction or Tablet: A Randomized Clinical Trial10.1038/s41371-020-00415-1 ↗
11. Optimization of Tablets Containing a High Dose of Spray-Dried Plant Extract: A Technical Note
12. A Synopsis of the Genus Atriplex L. (Chenopodiaceae) in Saudi Arabia10.1002/fedr.20001110503 ↗
13. Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Some Bioactive Compounds of Atriplex halimus10.1016/j.crci.2009.02.004 ↗
14. Characterization of Edible Biomass of Atriplex halimus L. and Its Effect on Feed and Water Intakes, and on Blood Mineral Profile in Non-Pregnant Manchega-Breed Sheep10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.03.016 ↗
15. Formulation of an oral emulsion for the delivery of active substances contained in Atriplex halimus L. Leaves
16. Jones-Salkey, O., Chu, Z., Ingram, A., and Windows-Yule, C.R.K. (2023). Reviewing the Impact of Powder Cohesion on Continuous Direct Compression (CDC) Performance. Pharmaceutics, 15.10.3390/pharmaceutics15061587 ↗
17. Design of Peumus Boldus Tablets by Direct Compression Using a Novel Dry Plant Extract10.1016/S0378-5173(01)00940-1 ↗
18. Characterisation and Emulsifying Properties of Microwave Pretreated Camelina Seed Mucilage10.1111/ijfs.17036 ↗
19. AOAC International Methods Committee Guidelines for Validation of Qualitative and Quantitative Food Microbiological Official Methods of Analysis10.1093/jaoac/85.5.1187 ↗
20. Extraction of Thymus Pallecens de Noé Essential Oil by Microwave Steam Distillation and Steam Distillation Processes: Kinetics, Optimization, Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity
21. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Steviol Glucoside Commercial Powder in Neutral and Acidic PH10.30952/ns.12.2.5 ↗
22. Formulation of β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges by Polycondensation Method: Application for Natural Drugs Delivery and Preservation
23. Some Factors Affecting Sieving Performance and Efficiency10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.027 ↗
24. An Investigation into the Flowability of Fine Powders Used in Pharmaceutical Industries10.1016/j.powtec.2018.06.014 ↗
25. Small-Scale Modeling of Pharmaceutical Powder Compression from Tap Density Testers, to Roller Compactors, and to the Tablet Press Using Big Data10.1007/s12247-016-9267-4 ↗
26. Pharmacopoeial Comparison of In-Process and Finished Product Quality Control Test for Pharmaceutical Tablets10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.3.0174 ↗
27. Swelling, Erosion and Release Behavior of Alginate-Based Matrix Tablets10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.12.003 ↗
28. In Vitro Biphasic Dissolution Tests and Their Suitability for Establishing in Vitro-in Vivo Correlations: A Historical Review10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.019 ↗
29. Kinetic modeling and dissolution profiles comparison: An overview
30. Formulation, characterization and in-vitro dissolution study of glimepiride, β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes and water soluble polymers ternary systems
31. Effect of Polymers Dispersions on the Inclusion Complexe Formation Between β-Cyclodextrin and Insoluble Drugs. Case Study: Atorvastatin Solubility Enhancement in the Biological Conditions of the Blood Medium (In-Vitro Dissolution Study)
32. Formulation of Stable Microcapsules Suspensions Content Salvia Officinalis Extract for Its Antioxidant Activity Preservation10.1111/jfpp.13446 ↗
33. Studies on the Development of Oral Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Metronidazole in the Treatment of Amoebiasis10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00006-6 ↗
34. Nait Bachir, Y., Mohamed Said, R., Abdelli, M.L., Namaoui, W., Medjkane, M., Boudjema, N., Issaadi, H.M., and Restrepo Parra, E. (2025). Development of New Xanthan-Aldehyde/Gelatin Nanogels for Enhancement of Ibuprofen Transdermal Delivery: In-Vitro/Ex-Vivo/In-Vivo Evaluation. ChemEngineering, 9.10.3390/chemengineering9020035 ↗
35. Rate of Release of Medicaments from Ointment Bases Containing Drugs in Suspension10.1002/jps.2600501018 ↗
36. Korsmqer, R.W., Gumy, R., Doelker, E., Buri, P., and Peppas, N.A. (1983). Mechanisms of Solute Release from Porous Hydrophilic Polymers, Elsevier.10.1016/0378-5173(83)90064-9 ↗
37. Liquid Transport Controlled Release Processes in Polymeric Materials: Applications to Oral Dosage Forms10.1016/0378-5173(93)90145-6 ↗
38. Validation of a New Pertinent Packing Coefficient to Estimate Flow Properties of Pharmaceutical Powders at a Very Early Development Stage, by Comparison with Mercury Intrusion and Classical Flowability Methods10.1023/A:1017528809955 ↗
39. Flowability and Handling Characteristics of Bulk Solids and Powders—A Review with Implications for DDGS10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.09.008 ↗
40. Characterisation of Dry Powders10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.089 ↗
41. Recent Advances in Extraction of Nutraceuticals from Plants10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.004 ↗
42. Soxhlet Extraction of Solid Materials: An Outdated Technique with a Promising Innovative Future10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00233-5 ↗
43. On the Use of the Weibull Function for the Discernment of Drug Release Mechanisms10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.044 ↗
44. Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Films for Oromucosal Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.029 ↗
45. Microcrystalline Cellulose, a Direct Compression Binder in a Quality by Design Environment—A Review10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.055 ↗