journal article·2025-07-19Open access

Synthetic Approaches to 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Containing Boronic Derivatives

Barbara Wołek, Agnieszka Kudelko

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 14

Abstract

1,3,4-Oxadiazoles containing boronic acid moieties are promising as a highly versatile class of compounds with significant utility across various scientific domains. The diverse synthetic methodologies for their preparation make these compounds valuable precursors for developing novel entities with tailored properties in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and materials science. This review systematically compiles and discusses synthetic methods for the direct and indirect incorporation of boronic acid derivatives into 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds. Understanding these strategies is particularly important because of their key role in modern synthetic transformations, especially Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, which enable easy access to a new generation of structurally diverse 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based compounds. The synthetic procedures and reactions discussed are based on the currently available literature, offering a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials · Radical Photochemical Reactions · Click Chemistry and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Selvita S.A., Podole 79, PL-30394 Kraków, Poland

Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, The Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Hosmane, N.S. (2012). Boron Science: New Technologies and Applications, CRC Press. [1st ed.].
2. Perkins, G.L. (2011). Boron: Compounds, Production and Application, NOVA Science Publishers, Inc.. [UK ed.].
3. A Versatile Route to Acyl (MIDA)boronates10.1002/chem.202302235 ↗
4. Hall, D. (2011). Structure, Properties, and Preparation of Boronic Acid Derivatives: Overview of Their Reactions and Applications. Boronic Acids: Preparation and Applications in Organic Synthesis, Medicine and Materials, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. [2nd ed.].10.1002/9783527639328.ch1 ↗
5. Arylboronic Acids and their Myriad of Applications Beyond Organic Synthesis10.1002/ejoc.202000396 ↗
6. 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles
7. Joule, J., and Mills, K. (2010). Heterocycles Containing More Than Two Heteroatoms. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.. [5th ed.].
8. 1, 2, 4-Oxadiazoles
9. Oxadiazoles in Medicinal Chemistry10.1021/jm2013248 ↗
10. Selection of boron reagents for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling10.1039/C3CS60197H ↗
11. Boyet, M., Chabaud, L., and Pucheault, M. (2023). Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Borinic Acid Derivatives. Molecules, 28.10.3390/molecules28062660 ↗
12. Silva, M.P., Saraiva, L., Pinto, M., and Sousa, M.E. (2020). Boronic Acids and Their Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis and Biological Applications. Molecules, 25.10.3390/molecules25184323 ↗
13. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkoxydiboron with Haloarenes: A Direct Procedure for Arylboronic Esters10.1021/jo00128a024 ↗
14. Synthesis of pinacol arylboronates via cross-coupling reaction of bis(pinacolato)diboron with chloroarenes catalyzed by palladium(0)–tricyclohexylphosphine complexes10.1016/S0040-4020(01)00998-X ↗
15. Behnke, M.L., Castro, A.C., Evans, C.A., Grenier, L., Grogan, M.J., Liu, T., Snyder, D.A., and Tibbitts, T.T. (2009). Preparation of Oxadiazolylphenylboronic Acid Derivatives and Analogs for Use as Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. (WO 2009126691 A1).
16. Vollmueller, F., Haber, S., Meudt, A., Noerenberg, A., and Scherer, S. (2000). Preparation of p-Oxadiazolylphenylboronic Acids. (DE 19857765 A1).
17. Jeong, B.S., Kim, J.A., Chang, J.H., and Nam, T.G. (2019). Preparation of 6-Heteroarylamino-2,4,5-Trimethylpyridin-3-ol Derivatives for Prevention or Treatment of Inflam Matory Bowel Diseases and Autoimmune Diseases. (WO 2019194556 A1).
18. Zhou, W., and Cai, H. (2018). Aromatic Compound and Organic Electroluminescent Device Thereof. (CN 108976177 A).
19. Kim, G.T., Ahn, H.C., Ham, H.W., Kim, D.J., and Han, J.U. (2014). Preparation of Organic Light Emitting Compound Substituted with Deuterium. (KR 2014091496 A).
20. Carboxyboronate: A Versatile C1 Building Block10.1002/anie.201907486 ↗
21. Ha, J.S., Heo, J.O., Heo, D.U., Kim, S.S., Chun, M.S., and Cho, H.M. (2021). Preparation of Aromatic Heterocyclic Compound for Organic Light-Emitting Device. (KR2021004849 A).
22. Steeneck, C., Kinzel, O., Gege, C., Kleymann, G., and Hoffmann, T. (2013). Preparation of Pyrrolocarboxamides as Modulators of Orphan Nuclear Receptor R AR-Related Orphan Receptor-Gamma (RORγ, NR1F3) Activity and for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. (WO 2013079223 A1).
23. Hasvold, L.A., Hexamer, L., Li, G., Lin, N.-H., Sham, H., Sowin, T.J., Sullivan, G.M., Wang, L., and Xia, P. (2007). Preparation of Dibenzo [b,e][1,4]Diazepin-11-Ones as Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Cancer. (US 20070254867 A1).
24. Efficient Synthesis of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles Bearing a 4-N,N-Dimethylaminoquinazoline Scaffold via Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions10.3390/molecules25215150 ↗
25. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Unusual Field-Effect Behavior of Organic Transistor Semiconductor Oligomers: Inferiority of Oxadiazole Compared with Other Electron-Withdrawing Subunits10.1021/ja807219x ↗
26. Near-infrared emission of dinuclear iridium complexes with hole/electron transporting bridging and their monomer in solutionprocessed organic light-emitting diodes10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.09.061 ↗
27. Luzzio, M., and Lucas, B. (2020). Preparation of Substituted Thiadiazoles as Small Molecule Splicing Modulator Compounds for Modulating Splicing of mRNA. (WO 2020163323 A1).
28. Luzzio, M., and Lucas, B. (2020). Preparation of Substituted Pyridazines as small Molecule Splicing Modulator Compounds for Modulating Splicing of mRNA. (WO 2020163647 A1).
29. Moon, H.-S., Yoo, M.-H., Kim, S.-H., Lim, J.-I., Son, M.-H., Kim, M.-K., Shin, C.-Y., Kim, J.-K., Park, S.-K., and Chae, Y.-N. (2008). Novel Phenylpropionic Acid Derivatives as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Gamma Receptor Modulators, Method of Preparing the Same, and Pharmaceutical Composition Comprising the Same. (WO 2008108602 A1).
30. Chatterjee, A.K., Nagle, A.S., Paraselli, P., Leong, S.Y., Roland, J.T., Mishra, P.K., Yeung, B.K.S., and Zou, B. (2014). Preparation of Imidazopyrazines for Treating Parasitic Diseases. (WO 2014078813 A1).
31. Spiroconjugated Tetraaminospirenes as Donors in Color-Tunable Charge-Transfer Emitters with Donor-Acceptor Structure10.1002/chem.202104150 ↗
32. Star-shaped triazine-cored ladder-type ter(p-phenylene)s for high-performance multiphoton absorption and amplified spontaneous blue emission10.1039/C9TC06025A ↗
33. Breslin, M.J., Fraley, M.E., Loughran, H.M., Mulhearn, J.J., Roecker, A.J., Schirripa, K.M., and Stachel, S.J. (2022). Preparation of Modified Isoindolinones as Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors. (WO 2022115301 A1).
34. Park, J.G., Choi, Y.H., Lee, B.S., Moon, S.Y., Hwang, S.P., Park, H.G., Cho, H.M., and Lee, D.W. (2014). Preparation of Organic Electronic Device Materials. (KR2014094408 A).
35. Colour tuning of blue electrolumi-nescence using bipolar carbazole–oxadiazole molecules in single-active-layer organic light emitting devices (OLEDs)10.1039/c2jm31825c ↗
36. Optimization of an Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine Series to Afford Highly Selective Type I1/2 Dual Mer/Axl Kinase Inhibitors with In Vivo Efficacy10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00920 ↗
37. Conjugated and nonconjugated bipolar-transporting dinuclear europium(III) complexes involving triphenylamine and oxadiazole units: Synthesis, photophysical and electroluminescent properties10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.092 ↗
38. Synthesis and properties of disk-shaped bipolar symmetric cyclic triindole derivative10.3987/COM-08-S(F)22 ↗
39. I2-Mediated Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxa/thiadiazoles from Aroylhydrazide and Acetonitrile/Thioacetamide10.1021/acs.joc.4c01513 ↗
40. Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Small-Molecule Inhibitors of WNT Signaling from a Cell-Based Pathway Screen10.1021/jm501436m ↗
41. Buckman, B.O., Nicholas, J.B., Emayan, K., Seiwert, S.D., and Yuan, S. (2014). N-Heteroaryl Carbamates as Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonists and their Preparation. (WO 2014113485 A1).
42. Xue, S., Wang, R., Li, T., Sun, Q., and Yang, W. (2023). Preparation of Compounds with Fluorene as Core and its Application in Organic Electroluminescent Devices. (WO 2023070700 A1).
43. Jung, H.-G., Kang, U.-S., Park, J.-S., Kim, N.-S., In, K.-Y., Kang, E.-S., and Chae, M.-Y. (2009). Novel Compound for Organic Photoelectric Device and Organic Photoelectric Device Including the Same. (WO 2009051454 A2).
44. Feng, J., Zhao, L., He, L., Tang, Y., Di, Q., Zhang, H., Bian, K., and Liu, D. (2023). Preparation of Oxadiazole Based Heterocyclic Compound and its Application in OLED. (CN 116023374 A).
45. Bachand, C., Belema, M., Deon, D.H., Good, A.C., Goodrich, J., Hamann, L.G., James, C.A., Langley, D.R., Lavoie, R., and Lopez, O.D. (2008). Preparation of Biphenyls and Biheteroaryls End-Capped with Amino Acid or Peptide Derivatives as Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors. (WO 2008144380 A1).
46. Flynn, D.L., Kaufman, M.D., Patt, W.C., and Petillo, P.A. (2008). Preparation of Heterocyclic Ureas as Kinase Inhibitors Useful for the Treatment of Prolife Rative and Inflammatory Diseases. (WO 2008034008 A2).
47. Scope of the Palladium-Catalyzed Aryl Borylation Utilizing Bis-Boronic Acid10.1021/ja303181m ↗
48. Xu, Q., Li, H., Zheng, Y., Zuo, J., and You, X. (2012). Oxadiazolyl-Containing Green Ir(III) Complex, its Preparation Process and Application. (CN 102659773 A).
49. Xu, Q., Li, H., Zheng, Y., Zuo, J., and You, X. (2013). Preparation Method of Red-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes with Oxadiazole Group. (CN 102875542 A).
50. Synthesis, structure, photophysical and electrochemical properties of series of new fac-triscyclometallated iridium complexes with carbazole or oxadiazole moieties10.1016/j.ica.2012.05.010 ↗
51. Synthesis, Structure and Photophysical Properties of Silole-Oxadiazole Copolymers10.1002/cjoc.201300121 ↗
52. Study on influence of end group on photoelectric performance of polyfluorene derivatives containing D-A structure and red phosphorescent group
53. Butlin, M.A., Butlin, R.J., Hogan, P.J., and Meudt, A. (2005). Chemical Process in Preparation of Oxadiazolylphenylboronic Acid Used in Preparation of Pyrazinyl Oxadiazolyl Pyridine Sulfonamide Endothelin Receptor. (WO 2005080403 A2).
54. Luminescent iridium(iii)–boronic acid complexes for carbohydrate sensing10.1039/D0DT02177F ↗
55. Erra Sola, M., Carrascal Riera, M., Taltavull Moll, J., Caturla Javaloyes, J.F., Bernal Anchuela, F.J., Pages Santacana, L.M., Mir Cepeda, M., Casals Coll, G., and Hernandez Olasagarre, M.B. (2014). Pyrrolotriazinone Derivatives as PI3K Inhibitors and their Prepar Ation. (WO 2014060432 A1).
56. Zhang, H., Zhou, J., Zhao, T., Zhu, P., Xie, L., and Zhang, J. (2023). Preparation of Heterocyclic Substituted Biphenyl Compounds and its Application in Preparation of Medicament for Treatment of Diseases Mediated by PD-1/PD-L1. (CN 116730940 A).
57. Yang, X., Cui, R., Yin, J., Zheng, M., Chen, N., and Lv, Y. (2022). Preparation of Imidazopyridazine Derivatives and Application as PIM Kinase Inhibitor. (CN 114409656 A).
58. Efficient deep-blue emitters comprised of an anthracene core and terminal bifunctional groups for nondoped electroluminescence10.1039/c1jm10465a ↗
59. Castro Palomino Laria, J.C., Terricabras Belart, E., Erra Sola, M., Navarro Romero, E., Fonquerna Pou, S., Cardus Figueras, A., and Lozoya Toribio, M.E. (2009). Azabiphenylaminobenzoic Acid Derivatives as Dhodh Inhibitors. (WO 2009021696 A1).
60. Wu, W.-L., Burnett, D.A., Stamford, A., Cumming, J.N., Asberom, T., Bennett, C., Sasiskumar, T.K., and Scott, J.D. (2013). Preparation of Spiroiminothiazine Derivatives for Use as BACE Inhibitors. (WO 2013028670 A1).
61. Gilbert, E.J., Cumming, J.N., Stamford, A.W., Yu, Y., Scott, J.D., Iserloh, U., Wang, L., and Caldwell, J.P. (2014). Preparation of Tricyclic Substituted Thiadiazine Dioxide Compounds as BACE Inhibitors, Compositions, and their Therapeutic Use. (WO 2014062553 A1).
62. Bentsen, J.G., Goplen, N.P., Li, Y., and Roberts, R.R. (2004). Electron Transport Agents for Organic Electronic Devices. (US 20040214036 A1).
63. Solution-processable bipolar host materials composed of fluorenyl, carbazolyl and 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl derivatives: Synthesis and application in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes10.1039/C6TC01108J ↗
64. Wang, G.-C., Lin, S.-W., Hong, W.-Y., Fang, G.-C., and Zheng, S.-X. (2015). Electron Transmission Material and Organic Light-Emitting Element. (TWI 501959 B).
65. Miwatashi, S., Kaieda, A., Takahashi, M., Inui, H., and Okamoto, R. (2011). Preparation of Fused Heterocyclic Compounds as p38 M AP Kinase Inhibitors and Inhibitors of TNF-α Production. (WO 2011021678 A1).
66. Ito, M., Yamamoto, T., Kakegawa, K., Sugiyama, H., Miyazaki, T., Arikawa, Y., Okawa, T., Yonemori, J., Kubo, O., and Toita, A. (2020). Heterocyclic Compound Having Histone Deacetylase Inhibiting Activity, and Pharmaceutical Composition. (WO 2020158762 A1).
67. Supramolecular brush polymers prepared from 1,3,4-oxadiazole and cyanobutoxy functionalised pillar[5]arene for detecting Cu2+10.1039/D0OB02587A ↗
68. Levin, J.I., Hopper, D.W., Torres, N., Dutia, M.D., Berger, D.M., Wang, X., Di Grandi, M.J., Zhang, C., and Dunnick, A.L. (2009). Preparation of bridged, bicyclic heterocyclic or spiro bicyclic heterocyclic derivatives of pyrazolo [1,5-a] Pyrimidines as Raf Kinase Inhibitors. (WO 2009108838 A1).
69. Wu, W.-L., Burnett, D.A., Stamford, A.W., Cumming, J.N., Bennett, C.E., Gilbert, E.J., Peng, X., Scott, J.D., and Yu, Y. (2012). Preparation of 5-substituted iminothiazines and their mono- and dioxides as BACE inhibitors. (WO 2012139425 A1).
70. Yu, H.N., Shin, Y.S., Park, D., Yoon, K.J., Lim, S.K., Kim, D., Ki, D.H., Kim, E.J., Nam, J., and Han, W. (2023). Preparation of Heterocyclic Carboxamides as SOS1 Inhibitor. (WO 2023022497 A1).
71. Cordi, A., Desos, P., Lestage, P., and Danober, L. (2012). Preparation of Phenoxy Dihydrobenzoxathiazepine Derivatives and their Use as Positive Allosteric Modulators of A MPA Receptors. (CA 2752131 A1).
72. Angell, R.M., Bamborough, P., Cockerill, G.S., and Walker, A.L. (2003). Preparation of 2′-Methyl-5′-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)-1, 1′-Biphenyl-4-Carboxamides as p38 Kinase Inhibitors. (WO 2003032986 A1).
73. Discovery of Novel PD-L1 Inhibitors That Induce the Dimerization, Internalization, and Degradation of PD-L1 Based on the Fragment Coupling Strategy10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01534 ↗
74. Zhao, P., Wang, X., Zhuang, L., Wu, H., Huang, S., Dong, P., Li, X., Hu, Q., Zhou, Y., and Liu, S. (2021). Preparation of Spiro Compound Derivatives as Raf Inhibitor and Used for Treatment of Cancer. (CN 113264945 A).
75. Monoaryl- and Bisaryldihydroxytropolones as Potent Inhibitors of Inositol Monophosphatase10.1021/jm9701942 ↗
76. Zhang, X., Wang, J., Zheng, C., and Li, S. (2011). Cumarin Derivative, its Preparation Process and Application in white Light Organic Electroluminescent Device. (CN 102101852 A).
77. Eastwood, P.R., Gonzalez Rodriguez, J., Vidal Juan, B., and Aguilar Izquierdo, N. (2009). Preparation of New Substituted Spiro[Cycloalkyl-1, 3′-indol]-2′(1′H)-one Derivatives and their Use as p38 Mitogen–Activated Kinase Inhibitors. (WO 2009124692 A1).
78. Indolin-2-one p38α inhibitors III: Bioisosteric amide replacement10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.006 ↗
79. Aiguade Bosch, J., and Carranco Moruno, I. (2011). Preparation and Compositions of 7-Phenyl-[1,2,4]Triazolo [4,3-a] Pyridin-3(2H)-One Derivatives as p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors. (WO 2011057757 A1).
80. Pyridine: The scaffolds with significant clinical diversity10.1039/D2RA01571D ↗
81. Advances in synthesis, medicinal properties and biomedical applications of pyridine derivatives: A comprehensive review
82. Discovery of pyridine-based agrochemicals by using Intermediate Derivatization Methods10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.031 ↗
83. Development of novel pyridine-based agrochemicals: A review10.1016/j.aac.2024.10.002 ↗
84. The 2-Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross-Coupling Arylations10.1002/anie.202010631 ↗
85. Recent progress in the synthesis of pyridinylboronic acids and esters10.3998/ark.5550190.0014.104 ↗
86. Lee, S.G., and Bae, S.H. (2021). Preparation of Urea Compound for Organic Electric Device, Organic Electric Device Using Same, and Electronic Device Thereof. (KR 2289502 B1).
87. Lee, S.G., and Seo, M.H. (2021). Preparation of Organic Compound for Organic Electric Device. (KR 2021095268 A).
88. Johnson, J.A., Lloyd, J., Finlay, H., Jiang, J., Neels, J., Dhondi, N.K., Gunaga, P., Banerjee, A., and Adisechan, A. (2011). Preparation of 5-Phenylquinazoline Derivatives as Potassium Ion Channel Inhibitors. (WO 2011028741 A1).
89. Leblanc, C., Pulz, R.A., and Stiefl, N.J. (2009). Preparation of pyrrolopyrimidines and Pyrrolopyridines for Treating ALK-5 and ALK-4 Receptor-Mediated Diseases. (WO 2009087225 A2).
90. Bist, S., Dangel, B., and Sherer, B. (2009). Preparation of Heterocyclic Urea Derivatives as Antibacterials. (WO 2009106885 A1).
91. Gordeev, M.F., Yuan, Z., Liu, J., and Wang, Q. (2010). Indoline Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors and their Preparation, Pharmaceutical Compositions and Use in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. (US 20100069441 A1).
92. Kumari, A., and Singh, R.K. (2019). Medicinal chemistry of indole derivatives: Current to future therapeutic prospectives. Bioorg. Chem., 89.10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103021 ↗
93. Research status of indole-modified natural products10.1039/D3MD00560G ↗
94. 3-Alkynylindoles as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Electronically Tunable Indole-Based Push–Pull Chromophores10.1021/acs.joc.2c00067 ↗
95. Coburn, C.A., Ludmerer, S.W., Liu, K., Wu, H., Soll, R., Zhong, B., and Zhu, J. (2019). Preparation of Amino Acid and Dipeptide Derivatives as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication. (US 20190127365 A1).
96. Coburn, C.A., McCauley, J.A., Ludmerer, S.W., Liu, K., Vacca, J.P., Wu, H., Hu, B., Soll, R., Sun, F., and Wang, X. (2010). Preparation of L-Prolinamide Derivatives as Inhibitors of Protein NS5A of Hepatitis C Virus. (WO 2010111483 A1).
97. The discovery and optimization of aminooxadiazoles as potent Pim kinase inhibitors10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.067 ↗
98. Wang, H.-L., Cee, V.C., Herberich, B.J., Jackson, C.L.M., Lanman, B.A., Nixey, T., Pettus, L.H., Reed, A.B., Wu, B., and Wurz, R. (2012). Indoles and Related Compounds as PIM Kinase Inhibitors and Their Preparation and Use for the Treatment of P IM Kinase-Related Diseases. (WO 2012129338 A1).
99. Bakary-Barry, T., Gallop, M.A., and Barsanti, P.A. (2022). Preparation of Indole Compounds as Androgen Receptor Modulators. (WO 2022020342 A1).
100. Archna, S.P., and Chawla, P.A. (2020). Thiophene-based derivatives as anticancer agents: An overview on decade’s work. Bioorg. Chem., 101.10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104026 ↗