Risk Assessment of Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Nonlinear FAHP and Combination Weighting

Risk assessment in tunnel construction using the drilling and blasting method presents a complex multi-criteria decision-making challenge due to numerous interacting factors. This study develops an advanced risk assessment model integrating game theory-based combination weighting with nonlinear fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). The methodology establishes a comprehensive risk evaluation system through the systematic coupling of a work breakdown structure (WBS) and a risk breakdown structure (RBS), effectively combining subjective weights from an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with objective weights derived through principal component analysis (PCA). A specialized nonlinear operator addresses the inherent fuzziness in the risk evaluation processes. The model is applied to the Daliangshan No. 1 Tunnel flat guide entrance drilling and blasting construction section, with the risk level determined to be high. Detailed analysis further revealed that the detonation network reliability and ventilation system performance constituted the most significant secondary risk elements. Comparative validation demonstrates the model’s superior accuracy over conventional methods in both weight determination and risk classification. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in improving risk assessment accuracy and supporting decision-making in complex tunnel construction environments.